Impact of Surface Roughness Changes on Surface Wind Speed Over Western Europe: A Study With the Regional Climate Model RACMO

Abstract

The temporal trend of wind speed near the surface over land has been investigated over recent decades. A prevailing trend of decline was found in several studies for most areas in the Northern hemisphere, denoted as terrestrial stilling, with multiple causes being discussed. In this study, we focus on the impact of changes of surface roughness due to changes in land‐use and vegetation cover on this variable for western Europe using the regional climate model RACMO driven by ERA5 reanalysis. We conduct two simulations at climate scale, with and without changes in land‐use and vegetation on a yearly basis. We find that upper level large‐scale circulation slowing down results in declining near surface mean wind speed, and that increases in surface roughness due to changes in land use and vegetation cover play an important role in intensifying this declining trend from our simulations with RACMO. However, the trends inferred from the model simulations and ERA5 are not consistent with trends derived from gridded observations database E‐OBS. This could come from the complexity of integrating in‐situ measurements with uncorrectable inhomogeneity to derive E‐OBS.

Investigation of the Development of Tropical Storm Nicholas based on Global and Regional Climate Data

“…The satellite images in Figure 4, show the storm as large thick clouds moving in a clockwise direction. This is also shown in the wind direction in both the WRF simulation and the NCEP (Luu et al, 2023).…”

Weather, Vol. 79, no. 6, June 2024, pp. 174‐204

“…• How is this influenced by climate model, land use and exposure dataset choices? (Luu et al, 2023).…”

A collaborative hackathon to investigate climate change and extreme weather impacts in justice and insurance settings

“…Results of further study on the relative roles of hazard versus exposure uncertainty are intended to be published, aiming to answer the important remaining research questions: How does climate change impact the largest European windstorms and their associated risk to society based on changes in hazard and exposure? How is this influenced by climate model, land use and exposure dataset choices? (Luu et al ., 2023). …”