Impact of sublethal di-n-butyl phthalate on the aquaculture fish species Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ): histopathology and oxidative stress assessment

Abstract

Phthalates such as di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and their esters are widely used plasticizers, their ubiquitous presence in daily life, inevitably leads to their restricted use due to important environmental pollution and health impacts and endocrine disruption potential. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a sublethal concentration of 10 mg L À1 DBP on haematocrit (HCT) values, gills and liver histology, malondialdehyde (MDA, 2-thiobarbituric acid-TBA reactivity) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in gills and liver tissue as oxidative stress biomarkers in the aquaculture fish species Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after 24 (DBP-24) and 96 (DBP-96) h exposure. No differences were found between per cent HCT values in the 24 h exposure groups (P > 0.05). Response of antioxidant defence systems in liver and gill tissues of the fish were dependent on exposure duration and changed to a higher extent during 96 h. MDA levels in liver tissue increased in DBP treated fish in comparison to the control fish. However, the differences between the exposure and control groups were not significant (P > 0.05). A statistically significant decrease (P > 0.05) was recorded in gill MDA levels in the DBP-96 group when compared to the control and DBP-24 groups. The liver GSH levels were unchanged in the DBP treated fish. However, GSH levels were significantly lower in the gill tissue of the DBP-96 group. Exposure to DBP caused several degenerative changes in the histology of gill and liver tissue. Gills displayed hyperaemia, epithelial lifting, oedema, talengiectasia, epithelial hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, whereas in liver several circulatory anomalies (hyperaemia, blood congestion and sinosoid dilatation) and vacuolization of hepatocytes were observed. Histopathological results demonstrated that the gills were more affected than the liver perhaps due to their direct contact with DBP.

Protective effects of sulphoraphane on oxidative damage caused by ammonia in Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Higher MDA levels in the liver and lower MDA levels in the gill of Nile tilapia ( O . niloticus ) exposed to phthalates for 96 h were observed (Erkmen et al, 2017). The hepatopancreas is the major detoxification organ in shrimps and has been used as an indicator organ for toxicity assessment (Sreeram & Menon, 2005).…”

Bio-active components in medicinal plants: A mechanistic review of their effects on fish growth and physiological parameters – A Review

“…Reactive oxygen, reactive nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and free radicals, when produced in excess amount, lead to oxidative stress that causes injuries to cell and tissues of organisms (Erkmen et al, 2017;Jabeen et al, 2021). Under normal metabolic conditions, ROS are formed in mitochondria during electron transport chain (Lesnefsky et al, 2001;Wallace, 2000).…”

Effects of Imidacloprid on Histology and mRNA Levels of HSP70 and CYP1A Gene to a Standard Non-targeted Test Animal, Cyprinus carpio

“…Owing to susceptible nature, fish gill tissues are often considered as water quality monitors and bioindicators of toxicant exposure (Erkmen et al, 2017). The hyperplasic alterations are nonspecific defence responses delineated to protect the organism due to increasing uptake of many xenobiotics by augmenting distance between the chemical and the blood vessels (Gunal et al, 2020).…”