“…In urban seascapes, natural ecosystems, such as mangroves, saltmarshes and seagrasses, are often degraded, become fragmented, or have been replaced, by hard artificial structures, including concrete walls, rock revetments, bridges, jetties and pontoons (Bishop et al., 2017; Bulleri & Chapman, 2010; Dafforn et al., 2015). The seafloor of many urban estuaries and coastal seas has also been modified by dredging to improve shipping, extraction of sand to replenish sandy beaches, the deposition of dredged sediments outside shipping channels and the construction of groynes, breakwaters and other engineered structures (Freeman et al., 2019; Heery et al., 2017; Macura et al., 2019; Sheaves et al., 2014). These anthropogenic habitat changes significantly impact coastal fish populations, particularly when natural shorelines are replaced by engineered structures and when dredging results in the simplification of estuarine seafloors (Brook et al., 2018; Olds, Frohloff, et al., 2018; Rochette et al., 2010; Wenger et al., 2017).…”