Impact of stretching on the performance and injury risk of long-distance runners

Baxter, Claire; Naughton, Lars R Mc; Sparks, Albert K.; Norton, Lynda; Bentley, David J.

doi:10.1080/15438627.2016.1258640

Cited by 36 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In amateur marathoners, XX runners have higher muscle flexibility than RX runners and have higher ankle dorsiflexion values than RR runners [15]. Although it has been suggested that muscle flexibility neither improve nor decrease the likeliness of developing running-related injuries [31], extreme cases outside the normal range of flexibility might predispose to endurance running injuries. Taken together, this information might be indicative of a higher likelihood of suffering any type of endurance running injury in R-allele carriers, especially RR runners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the ACTN3 R577X genotype on the injury epidemiology of marathon runners

et al. 2020

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A common single nucleotide polymorphism in the ACTN3 gene might result in the complete deficiency of α-actinin-3 (i.e., XX genotype). It has been found that ACTN3 XX individuals have several traits related to lessened muscle performance. This study aimed to determine the influence, if any, of ACTN3 genotypes on injury incidence of marathoners during the year preceding to participating in a competitive marathon race. Using a cross-sectional experimental design, the type and conditions of sports injuries were documented for one year in a group of 139 marathoners. Injuries were recorded following a consensus statement on injuries in Athletics. Afterward, ACTN3 genotyping was performed, and injury epidemiology was compared among RR, RX, and XX genotypes. The distribution of the RR/RX/XX genotypes was 28.8/42.8/23.5%, respectively. A total of 67 injuries were recorded. The frequency of marathoners that reported any injury during the previous year was not different across the genotypes (55.0/38.8/40.6%, P = 0.241). Although the overall injury incidence was not different among genotypes (2.78/1.65/1.94 injuries/1000 h of running, P = 0.084), the likelihood of suffering an injury was higher in RR than in RX (OR = 1.93: 95%CI = 0.87-4.30), and higher than in XX (OR = 1.79: 0.70-4.58). There was no difference in the conditions, severity, body location, time of year, or leading cause of injury among genotypes. However, XX presented a higher frequency of sudden-onset injuries (P = 0.024), and the OR for muscle-type injuries was 2.0 (0.51-7.79) times higher compared to RR runners. Although XX marathoners did not have a higher overall incidence of injury, the OR in these runners for muscle-type injuries was superior to RR and RX runners. The likelihood of suffering a muscle injury, especially with a sudden-onset, was twice in XX than in RR endurance runners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the ACTN3 R577X genotype on the injury epidemiology of marathon runners

et al. 2020

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“…Stretching and core stability exercises were used by a high proportion of runners (86.2% and 70.2% respectively) despite a lack of evidence showing these strategies are effective at reducing injury risk (3,18,21,33), enhancing recovery (3) and improving performance (3,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength and Conditioning Habits of Competitive Distance Runners

Blagrove

Brown

Howatson

et al. 2020

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Blagrove, RC, Brown, N, Howatson, G, and Hayes, PR. Strength and conditioning habits of competitive distance runners. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2017-Targeted strength and conditioning (S&C) programs can potentially improve performance and reduce injury risk factors in competitive runners. However, S&C practices of distance runners are unknown. This study aimed to explore S&C practices of competitive middle- and long-distance runners and examined whether reported frequency of injuries was influenced by training behaviors. One thousand eight hundred eighty-three distance runners (≥15 years old) completed an online survey. All runners who raced competitively were included in data analysis (n = 667). Distance runners mainly engaged with S&C activities to lower risk of injury (63.1%) and improve performance (53.8%). The most common activities used were stretching (86.2%) and core stability exercises (70.2%). Resistance training (RT) and plyometric training (PT) were used by 62.5 and 35.1% of runners, respectively. Junior (under-20) runners include PT, running drills, and circuit training more so than masters runners. Significantly more international standard runners engaged in RT, PT, and fundamental movement skills training compared with competitive club runners. Middle-distance (800-3,000 m) specialists were more likely to include RT, PT, running drills, circuit training, and barefoot exercises in their program than longer-distance runners. Injury frequency was associated with typical weekly running volume and run frequency. Strength and conditioning did not seem to confer a protection against the number of injuries the runners experienced. Practitioners working with distance runners should critically evaluate the current S&C practices of their athletes, to ensure that activities prescribed have a sound evidence-based rationale.

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“…However, the evidence is contradictory regarding the assumption that better muscle flexibility, especially in the lower extremities, reduces the risk of injury in endurance runners [168]. Muscle flexibility was suggested to neither improve nor decrease likelihood of endurance running injuries, although extreme cases outside the normal range of flexibility might be problematic because of interference with the normal pattern of running [169]. In addition, the use of chronic stretching is effective to increase muscle flexibility but might negatively impact endurance running economy [20]; therefore, stretching could be performed to allow normal range of mobility during running.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Running-related Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Training and Physical Performance in Recreational Endurance Runners

Boullosa

Esteve-Lanao²,

Casado

et al. 2020

Sports

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Endurance running has become an immensely popular sporting activity, with millions of recreational runners around the world. Despite the great popularity of endurance running as a recreational activity during leisure time, there is no consensus on the best practice for recreational runners to effectively train to reach their individual objectives and improve physical performance in a healthy manner. Moreover, there are lots of anecdotal data without scientific support, while most scientific evidence on endurance running was developed from studies observing both recreational and professional athletes of different levels. Further, the transference of all this information to only recreational runners is difficult due to differences in the genetic predisposition for endurance running, the time available for training, and physical, psychological, and physiological characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present a selection of scientific evidence regarding endurance running to provide training guidelines to be used by recreational runners and their coaches. The review will focus on some key aspects of the training process, such as periodization, training methods and monitoring, performance prediction, running technique, and prevention and management of injuries associated with endurance running.

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Impact of stretching on the performance and injury risk of long-distance runners

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Influence of the ACTN3 R577X genotype on the injury epidemiology of marathon runners

Influence of the ACTN3 R577X genotype on the injury epidemiology of marathon runners

Strength and Conditioning Habits of Competitive Distance Runners

Factors Affecting Training and Physical Performance in Recreational Endurance Runners

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