Impact of stand age on soil C, N and P dynamics in a 40-year chronosequence of alder-cardamom agroforestry stands of the Sikkim Himalaya

Sharma, Gaurav; Sharma, Rita; Sharma, Eklabya

doi:10.1016/j.pedobi.2009.01.003

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Binkley, 1996). Similar findings have been reported for other nitrogen-fixing trees (DeBell et al, 1983;Sharma et al, 2009). The buildup of acidic soil organic matter and the displacement of base cations resulted from the production of H + during nitrification (DeBell et al, 1983;Binkley and Sollins, 1990).…”

Section: Soil Propertiessupporting

confidence: 87%

Stand productivity, carbon content, and soil nutrients in different standages of Acacia mangium in Sarawak, Malaysia

Lee¹,

Ong

King³

et al. 2015

Turk J Agric For

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In order to achieve the initial target for the period 2012-2020, planting activity must be intensified to 78,900 ha year -1 . The main species used in the plantation program is Acacia mangium Willd. Even though numerous studies have examined the growth and biomass production of different tree species in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah, including A. mangium, information on these attributes is still very scarce in Sarawak. Furthermore, reports on the performance of tree species planted at an industrial scale are very limited in Sarawak.Acacia mangium is a fast-growing nitrogen fixer. It is an attractive species for plantation establishment because it grows satisfactorily even in unproductive sites. Average increment in diameter at breast height (d) could reach 3-4 cm year -1 on good sites (Awang and Taylor, 1993). The wood is suitable for many uses such as pulp and paper, particle board, woodchips, sawn timber, veneer, and plywood, as well as firewood (Lemmens et al., 1995).Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia and is located on the island of Borneo. Most plantations in Sarawak were established in the central lowland region, which comprises elevated wave-cut platforms developed over sedimentary rocks. The Red-Yellow Podzolic soils are low in fertility and water-holding capacity. These limitations

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Section: Soil Propertiessupporting

confidence: 87%

Stand productivity, carbon content, and soil nutrients in different standages of Acacia mangium in Sarawak, Malaysia

Lee¹,

Ong

King³

et al. 2015

Turk J Agric For

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“…The range of total-N was 0.20-0.55%, total-P, 75.46-113.26 mg 100 g À1 soil and organic-C 2.56-5.50% in a 0 to 30-cm soil horizon. The soil was sandy loam in composition ranging from 11 to 30% clay, 15-40% silt, and 34-65% sand (Sharma et al 2009). …”

Section: Experimental Design and Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The timber and monetary return from harvested alder by 20 years is US$12,387 ha À1 . Alder supplies nutrient-rich litter, which is a good source of nitrogen and phosphorus to the agroforestry system mainly up to 20 years (Sharma et al 2002c(Sharma et al , 2008(Sharma et al , 2009). Biological fixation is another source of N to the system.…”

Section: Ar Activity and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond this, the system remains weakly maintained in terms of gap filling and thinning and eventually the input of N through fixation declined with age. One of the reasons could be due to the significantly declining pH from the youngest stands in the 40-year age chronosequence (Sharma et al 2009). Nitrogen-fixation and other characteristics of ''stressed'' systems may be favored by the maintenance of such non-equilibrium conditions (Kass et al 1997).…”

Section: Stand Energetics and Cost-effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy efficiency in N 2 -fixation was lowest in the 5-year-old stand (64 g N 2 fixed 10 4 kJ À1 energy) and increased to its highest value (84 g N 2 fixed 10 4 kJ À1 energy) in the 40-year-old stand (Sharma et al 2002a). Sharma et al (2008Sharma et al ( , 2009) have extensively studied the impact of stand age on the litter decomposition and nutrient release, and soil C, N, and P dynamics in a 40-year chronosequence of alder-cardamom agroforestry stands of the Sikkim Himalaya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of altitudinal gradients on energetics and efficiencies of N₂‐fixation in alder–cardamom agroforestry systems of the eastern Himalayas

Sharma

2009

Ecological Research

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The impact of altitudinal gradients on the performance of alder-cardamom agroforestry systems was analyzed on nitrogenase activity, N 2 -fixation efficiency, and stand energetics and efficiencies in the eastern Himalayas. Acetylene reduction (AR activity) measurements showed that nitrogenase activity considerably increased with advancing altitudes from 500 to 800 m to a peak at 900-1,200 m. AR activity was fairly high, between 1,300 and 1,700 m, and sharply decreased in the stands between 1,800 and 2,100 m. AR activity increased in the growing season and peaked in the rainy season. This significantly coincided with cardamom flowering during the onset of growing season to full fruiting stage at peak activity period. AR activity was dependent on soil temperature and moisture and showed a positive relationship. Nodule moisture was also a limiting factor for AR activity and showed a positive correlation. Diurnal changes showed a marked variation with highest AR activity between 8 and 12 h. The performance of commercial cardamom crop is dependent on the associated shade trees. Yield potential significantly coincided with the rate of N 2 -fixation both at age chronosequence and altitudinal gradients. The management comprises growing large number of alder until 10 years and thinning, and gap filling of cardamom up to 20 years. Such maintenance caused non-equilibrium conditions that favored systems efficiency and excellent production until 20 years. System efficiency sharply declined at low rates of N 2 -fixation, AR activity, root nodule production, and agronomic yield due to the influence of stand age and altitudinal gradients. Agroforestry stands at 900-1,700 m were more energy cost-effective due to the lower energy required for perkg N-fixation with high N supply (115-155 kg ha À1 ) confirming functionally efficient than those stands at extreme higher and lower altitudinal ranges. Therefore, replantation of alder and cardamom and phase wise agroforestry rotation after 20 years could be an ecologically and economically sustainable management practice.

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Soil Phosphorus Bioavailability and Recycling Increased with Stand Age in Chinese Fir Plantations

Xiang

Chen

et al. 2019

Ecosystems

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Impact of stand age on soil C, N and P dynamics in a 40-year chronosequence of alder-cardamom agroforestry stands of the Sikkim Himalaya

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Stand productivity, carbon content, and soil nutrients in different standages of Acacia mangium in Sarawak, Malaysia

Stand productivity, carbon content, and soil nutrients in different standages of Acacia mangium in Sarawak, Malaysia

Impact of altitudinal gradients on energetics and efficiencies of N₂‐fixation in alder–cardamom agroforestry systems of the eastern Himalayas

Soil Phosphorus Bioavailability and Recycling Increased with Stand Age in Chinese Fir Plantations

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Impact of stand age on soil C, N and P dynamics in a 40-year chronosequence of alder-cardamom agroforestry stands of the Sikkim Himalaya

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Stand productivity, carbon content, and soil nutrients in different standages of Acacia mangium in Sarawak, Malaysia

Stand productivity, carbon content, and soil nutrients in different standages of Acacia mangium in Sarawak, Malaysia

Impact of altitudinal gradients on energetics and efficiencies of N2‐fixation in alder–cardamom agroforestry systems of the eastern Himalayas

Soil Phosphorus Bioavailability and Recycling Increased with Stand Age in Chinese Fir Plantations

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Impact of altitudinal gradients on energetics and efficiencies of N₂‐fixation in alder–cardamom agroforestry systems of the eastern Himalayas