Impact of SPS Measures Imposed by Developed Countries on China’s Tea Export-A Perspective of Differences in Standards

Dong, Yi; Zhu, Yue

doi:10.11114/aef.v2i4.1175

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is explained as farther the distance the larger is the cost of transportation. In general, this result is in line with the research results derived by Fontagne, et al (2016), Dong and Zhu (2015), Siyakiya (2017), andHermawan (2019). The same pattern (coefficient signs) prevails in the rest of the four classified groups, but with different significant levels, as shown in Table 7.…”

Section: Estimation Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The tariff is a core restrictive measure to administer the import from rest of the world and is often used to protect domestic industries. Olper and Raimondi (2002), Chen (2017), Dong and Zhu (2015), and Fassarella, et al (2011) using various techniques including PPML, brought the similar results, i.e., same sign with significance. As expected when tariff rate is increased the import would decrease because importing countries' governments use tariff as an import regulatory measure.…”

Section: Estimation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Estimating the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade in WTO Regime: The Case of Pakistan

Mustafa¹,

Padda²,

Safdar³

2021

NJSSH

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Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) forwarded by World Trade Organisation (WTO) has obstructed world trade patterns; generally, it is conceptualized as non-tariff barrier which impedes trade. In this study, impact of TBT on imports of Pakistan has been estimated. This paper explores how TBT affects import of Pakistan from its trade partner using PPML estimation method to handle zero trade flows and overdispersion of data of Pakistan’s import, based on gravity model. The findings depict that GDP of Pakistan and partners, exchange rate, tariff, distance, and contiguity are vital factors; along with TBT cases initiated by Pakistan have also impacted import from WTO members. The results suggest that Pakistan-initiated TBT and tariff have experienced lower import volume, hence they can be used to administer its ever-increasing trade deficit. The study also presents comparative analysis of TBT and tariff impacts on imports from high income, upper middle, lower middle, and lower income countries as classified by the World Bank.

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Section: Estimation Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Estimation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Estimating the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade in WTO Regime: The Case of Pakistan

Mustafa¹,

Padda²,

Safdar³

2021

NJSSH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This shows that the increase in distance increases the cost of transportation. The results are in line with Hermawan (2019), Siyakiya (2017), Dong andZhu (2015), andFontagne et al (2016). Similar trend exits in other 4 groups with diversity in significance levels and cited in Table 5.…”

Section: Results Of Estimations and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The tariff is main import restrictive determinant to manage imports and mostly used to protect the local industries and economies. Fassarella et al (2011), Dong and Zhu (2015), Chen (2017), Olper and Raimondi (2002) used PPML and brought the similar results.…”

Section: Results Of Estimations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

The Impact of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade on Imports of China with Partner Countries

Mustafa¹

2022

JDSS

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The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of initiation of SPS and TBT by China for its import, during 1995 to 2018. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement and Technical Barrier to Trade by the World Trade Organization have restricted the Chinese trade. In general, it is perceived that non-tariff measure barricade trade. Using the PPML estimation process to manage the zero import flow, and overdispersion in data of China depend on the gravity model. Results witness that GDP of China and partners, tariff, exchange rate, and distance are core determinants; SPS and TBT initiated and levied by China have affected imports from the WTO members. Results states that China has initiated SPS and TBT, hence country has experienced lower imports. The study also depicts comparative analysis of Chines initiated SPS and TBT effects on import from the high income, upper middle, lower middle, and low income countries. SPS and TBT are equally good as tariff, but China should focus more on NTMs because tariff would decline gradually in WTO regime.

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“…Moreover, the results suggested that the NTMs act as a policy substitute for import tariffs in the global tea trade. Dong and Zhu (2015) examined the effects of the SPS differences both in quantity and quality between China and developed countries on China's tea export. The study shows that China's tea export would decrease by 0.6% when increasing one unit of difference in the regulated number of pesticide residue limits between China and developed countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of non-tariff measures on tea exports from Sri Lanka

Pushpakumara

Dissanayake

Perera

2022

Sri Lanka Jnl Econ. Res.

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This study employed the gravity model of trade to examine the effects of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on Sri Lankan tea exports. The study used a panel data set including bilateral exports retrieved from Sri Lanka and its ten major tea export destinations from 2010 to 2019. The frequency of NTMs on Sri Lankan value of tea exports shows an increasing trend. The gravity model estimations show that except for tariff, the coefficients of all other gravity variables are statistically significant and aligned with theoretical justifications. The magnitude of the gross domestic product of Sri Lanka and importer countries and the presence of colonial links positively act on tea exports from Sri Lanka, while the distance between capital cities of trading partners and NTMs lower the exports. More specifically, imposing an additional NTM diminishes the value of tea exports by 48%. Furthermore, the NTMs have a 66% tariff equivalent effect. Hence, Sri Lanka's best prospects for profiting from tea exports depend on altering NTM policies, which are just as significant as other trade barriers.

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Impact of SPS Measures Imposed by Developed Countries on China’s Tea Export-A Perspective of Differences in Standards

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Estimating the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade in WTO Regime: The Case of Pakistan

Estimating the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade in WTO Regime: The Case of Pakistan

The Impact of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade on Imports of China with Partner Countries

Effects of non-tariff measures on tea exports from Sri Lanka

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