Impact of Species and Variety on Concentrations of Minor Lipophilic Bioactive Compounds in Oils Recovered from Plum Kernels

Abstract

The profile of bioactive compounds (carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols, and squalene) in oils recovered from the kernels of 28 plum varieties of hexaploid species Prunus domestica L. and diploid plums Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and their crossbreeds were studied. Oil yields in plum kernels of both P. cerasifera and P. domestica was in wide ranges of 22.6-53.1 and 24.2-46.9% (w/w) dw, respectively. The contents of total tocochromanols, carotenoids, phytosterols, and squalene was significantly affected by the variety and ranged between 70.7 and 208.7 mg/100 g of oil, between 0.41 and 3.07 mg/100 g of oil, between 297.2 and 1569.6 mg/100 g of oil, and between 25.7 and 80.4 mg/100 g of oil, respectively. Regardless of the cultivar, β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol were the main minor lipophilic compounds in plum kernel oils and constituted between 208.5 and 1258.7 mg/100 g of oil and between 60.5 and 182.0 mg/100 g of oil, respectively. Between the studied plum species, significant differences were recorded for δ-tocopherol (p = 0.007), 24-methylenecycloartanol (p = 0.038), and citrostadienol (p = 0.003), but they were insufficient for discrimination by PCA.

Tocopherols, Tocotrienols and Carotenoids in Kernel Oils Recovered from 15 Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Genotypes

“…), quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) [21] and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) [16], but lower than in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) [13], plums (Prunus domestica L.) [15], pear (Pyrus communis L.) [14], Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.…”

“…Contents of individual carotenoids (%) were quantified at their maximum wavelength using a diode array detector operated in the range of 200-600 nm. Total carotenoids were quantitated spectrophotometrically using the molar extinction coefficient for all-trans-β-carotene (ε = 139,049) according to Górnaś et al [15].…”

“…), pear (Pyrus communis L.), plum (Prunus domestica L. and Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. ), sweet (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) [12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…and pear (Pyrus communis L.), as well as kernels of plum (Prunus domestica L. and Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. ), sweet (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), and the content of bioactive lipophilic compounds such as tocochromanols, sterols and carotenoids have been reported [12][13][14][15][16]. Therefore in the present study we investigated, for the first time, the association between the oil yield and concentration of tocochromanols and carotenoids in kernel oils recovered from fruit pits of 15 apricot genotypes grown under the same agroclimatic conditions.…”

Profiling of the Beneficial and Potentially Harmful Components of Trichodesma indicum Seed and Seed Oil Obtained by Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction

“…For instance, the apple by‐products rich in phenolic compounds, mainly phloridzin and dietary fiber, can reduce postprandial glycemia and improve the health of patients with diabetes (Makarova et al, ). The profile and concentrations of both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds in the plant material depend on many factors such as the genotype, species, and type of plant parts or abiotic factors (Górnaś et al, , ). On the other hand, T. indicum belongs to the Boraginaceae family that is well known for producing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and pyrrolizidine alkaloid N‐oxides (PANO) as secondary metabolites against herbivores (Zalkow et al, ).…”