Impact of solar UV radiation on amphibians: focus on genotoxic stress

Early exposure to UV radiation causes telomere shortening and poorer condition later in life

“…At medium irradiance, beneficial effects of UVBR exposure are only conferred at a low and medium dose, whilst any amount of exposure to high irradiance UVBR proved detrimental to metamorph body condition. These results suggest that the effect of a given UVBR dose are highly dependent on the irradiance at which it is administered at, which highlights the importance of the rate of DNA damage production (determined by irradiance) for physiological outcomes (Pandelova et al 2006; Londero et al 2019). It seems that the detrimental effects of even large doses can be managed if irradiance, and the rate of formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA, is low.…”

“…Solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR; 280 to 315 nm) is a high-energy electromagnetic radiation and a pervasive stressor for many organisms (Williamson et al 2019). In addition to facilitating endogenous vitamin D 3 synthesis (Stiffler 1993; Antwis and Browne 2009), this genotoxic stressor can also form pyrimidine dimer lesions in DNA that disrupt transcription and replication, which can in turn lead to cancer, cell apoptosis and tissue damage (Mitchell and Nairn 1989; Batista et al 2009; Londero et al 2019). UVBR also causes oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS; Heck et al 2003; Kazerouni et al 2016), although ultraviolet-A radiation (UVAR; 315-400 nm) is more potent in this regard (Schuch et al 2017).…”

“…We acutely exposed tadpoles of the Australian green tree frog ( Litoria caerulea , White 1790) to a combination of different UVBR irradiances and doses in a fully factorial laboratory experiment, and then reared these larvae to metamorphosis, assessing a suite of life-history and performance traits in the juvenile frogs upon development. UVBR irradiance determines the rate of DNA damage production (Londero et al 2019), so we hypothesised that high irradiance UVBR would hinder successful metamorphosis, and would be more detrimental to growth, jumping performance and foraging efficiency in juvenile frogs than an equivalent dose of low irradiance UVBR. Given that animals exposed to high irradiance UVBR are expected to experience reduced growth and increased oxidative stress, both of which can shorten telomeres, we also hypothesised that this treatment would cause shorter relative telomere lengths in metamorphs.…”

Trends of Studies on Controlled Halogenated Gases under International Conventions during 1999–2018 Using Bibliometric Analysis: A Global Perspective

“…The depletion of stratospheric ozone caused by CHGs results in an increase in the UV radiation flux. Many scholars have studied the effects of increased UV radiation flux on human, plant, animal, and microbial growth [3,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. The research on the impact of climate change mainly focuses on the surface temperature changes caused by greenhouse gas emissions, contribution of radiative forcing, and adverse impacts of global warming on microorganisms and plants [82][83][84][85][86][87][88].…”

Investigation of the Effects of Radio Frequency Water Treatment on Some Characteristics of Growth in Pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Plants

“…Electromagnetic radiation, particularly radiation emitted from routers, affects all living systems and influences cells, tissues and organs in several ways [9] [10] [11]. They affect, for example, mammals [12]- [17], fruit flies [18], ticks [19] amphibians [20] [21] [22], ants [23], birds [24], honey bees [25] [26] [27] and protozoa [28] [29].…”