Impact of soil characteristics on piping activity in a mountainous area under a temperate climate (Bieszczady Mts., Eastern Carpathians)

Bernatek‐Jakiel, Anita; Kacprzak, Andrzej; Stolarczyk, Mateusz

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2016.03.001

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Figure ), nor has it been in the years 1971–1974 (Galarowski, ). It is limited by the depth of soils in the study area, as in the Bieszczady Mountains pipes develop on the soil–bedrock interface (Bernatek‐Jakiel et al, ). In the place of pipe collapses (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Bieszczady Mountains, Cambisols prevail (Skiba et al, ; Kacprzak, ; Skiba and Drewnik, ). Pipes develop in Cambisols between B and C soil horizons (Bernatek‐Jakiel et al, ). The vegetation cover in the study area consists mainly of grasslands, whereas the upper part of the catchment is forested.…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now the geomorphological role of overland flow has been quantified and widely described in the literature in contrast to subsurface flow, whose role is still undervalued or at least underestimated in sediment transport and hillslope development (Bryan and Jones, ; Bryan, ; Jones, ). Piping as subsurface erosion caused by water flowing under the surface (Boucher, ; Jones, , ) leads to the formation of pipes (underground channels), which are only visible at the surface when a pipe roof collapses (Czeppe, ; Jones, ; Verachtert et al, , ; Zhang and Wilson, ; Bernatek, ; Wilson et al, ; Bernatek‐Jakiel et al, ). After their collapse, pipes may develop into gullies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Faulkner () distinguished three piping prone soil types in Europe (Gleysols and Histosols, Luvisols, and Calcisols – previously called Xerosols) and she estimated that, in the European Union, the area of the land susceptible to piping erosion may exceed 260 000 km 2 . Recent research in the eastern Carpathians has shown that even Cambisols (generally not considered as piping‐prone soils) under certain conditions may be vulnerable to piping in the scale comparable to collapsible Luvisols (Bernatek, ; Bernatek‐Jakiel et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Piping dynamics in mid‐altitude mountains under a temperate climate: Bieszczady Mountains, eastern Carpathians

Bernatek‐Jakiel

Jakiel

Krzemień

2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Piping has been recognized as an important geomorphic, soil erosion and hydrologic process. It seems that it is far more widespread than it has often been supposed. However, our knowledge about piping dynamics and its quantification currently relies on a limited number of data for mainly loess‐derived areas and marl badlands. Therefore, this research aimed to recognize piping dynamics in mid‐altitude mountains under a temperate climate, where piping occurs in Cambisols, not previously considered as piping‐prone soils. It has been expressed by the estimation of erosion rates due to piping and elongation of pipes in the Bereźnica Wyżna catchment in the Bieszczady Mountains, eastern Carpathians (305 ha, 188 collapsed pipes). The research was based on the monitoring of selected piping systems (1971–1974, 2013–2016). Changes in soil loss vary significantly between different years (up to 27.36 t ha−1 yr−1), as well as between the mean short‐term erosion rate (up to 13.10 t ha−1 yr−1), and the long‐term (45 years) mean of 1.34 t ha−1 yr−1. The elongation of pipes also differs, from no changes to 36 m during one year. The mean total soil loss is 48.8 t ha−1 in plots, whereas in the whole studied catchment it is 2.0 t ha−1. Hence, piping is both spatially and temporally dependent. The magnitude of piping in the study area is at least three orders of magnitude higher than surface erosion rates (i.e. sheet and rill erosion) under similar land use (grasslands), and it is comparable to the magnitude of surface soil erosion on arable lands. It means that piping constitutes a significant environmental problem and, wherever it occurs, it is an important, or even the main, sediment source. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Piping dynamics in mid‐altitude mountains under a temperate climate: Bieszczady Mountains, eastern Carpathians

Bernatek‐Jakiel

Jakiel

Krzemień

2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The occurrence of pipeflow is controlled by soil and climate characteristics (e.g., Jones, ; Faulkner, ; Verachtert et al, ; Zhang and Wilson, ; Leslie et al, ; Bernatek‐Jakiel et al, ). Furthermore, it is an important process in the hydrological response of hillslopes and catchments that can significantly contribute to the downslope transport of nutrients and sediments towards the stream (e.g., Bryan and Jones, ; Zhu et al, ; Sayer et al, ; Jones, ; Verachtert et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pipeflow response in loess‐derived soils to precipitation and groundwater table fluctuations in a temperate humid climate

Vannoppen

Verachtert

Poesen

2016

Hydrological Processes

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Piping is a widespread phenomenon in the world and can significantly contribute to the downward movement of water, sediments, and nutrients. This study examines the hydrological functioning of soil pipes in a loess‐derived soil under pasture using hydrometric and hydrochemical analyses. It aims to investigate the relation between pipeflow, rainfall, and groundwater table fluctuations and to determine the dominant source of the water flowing through the soil pipes using both hydrometric and hydrochemical approaches. A rapid pipeflow response is observed when a threshold rainfall depth is exceeded. This threshold depth is larger in the summer (9 mm) compared with that in the winter (4 mm) which is related to the prestorm wetness of the soil. Hydrochemical analyses indicate that both groundwater and rainfall contribute to the pipeflow with a dominance of groundwater. This study shows that pipeflow can be an important hydrological pathway in loess‐derived soils with a clear seasonal pattern in pipeflow responses to rainfall events.

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Sediment detachment in piping‐prone soils: Cohesion sources and potential weakening mechanisms

Bernatek‐Jakiel

Bruthans

Vojtíšek

et al. 2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Soil piping is a widespread land degradation process that may lead to gully formation. However, the processes involved in sediment detachment from soil pipe walls have not been well studied, although their recognition is a crucial step to protect soils from piping erosion. This study aims to recognize the factors affecting cohesion and to identify the mechanisms which are likely to be responsible for the disintegration of soil. The study has been conducted in mid-altitude mountains under a temperate climate (the Bieszczady Mountains, the Carpathians, SE Poland). The research was based on the detailed field and laboratory analyses of morphology, and the physical and chemical properties of soil profiles with and without soil pipes. Moreover, experiments with flooding the undisturbed soil samples using different solutions (deionized water, ammonium oxalate, dithionate citrate, 35% hydrochloric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide) were conducted in order to check the role of air slaking, the removal of soil organic carbon (SOC), and Fe and Al oxides on sediment detachment. The obtained results have confirmed that soil pipes develop in quite cohesive soils (silt loams), which allow the formation and maintenance of pipes with a diameter up to 30cm. Soil cohesion, and thus susceptibility to piping, are impacted by the content of major oxides, soil particle size distribution, biological activity and porosity. The tested soils affected by piping erosion have a lower content of Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 , and free Fe (Fe (DCB)), lower clay content, higher biological activity (more roots and animal burrows), higher porosity, and more and larger pores than the profile without soil pipes. The experiments have indicated that especially SOC along with Fe and Al oxides are an important cohesion source in the study area. This suggests that the removal of SOC, and Fe and Al oxides may weaken and disintegrate aggregates in soil pipes. Further study of soil leaching and tensile strength will broaden understanding of which chemical processes control where pipes will develop in other cohesive piping-prone soils.

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Impact of soil characteristics on piping activity in a mountainous area under a temperate climate (Bieszczady Mts., Eastern Carpathians)

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Piping dynamics in mid‐altitude mountains under a temperate climate: Bieszczady Mountains, eastern Carpathians

Piping dynamics in mid‐altitude mountains under a temperate climate: Bieszczady Mountains, eastern Carpathians

Pipeflow response in loess‐derived soils to precipitation and groundwater table fluctuations in a temperate humid climate

Sediment detachment in piping‐prone soils: Cohesion sources and potential weakening mechanisms

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