Impact of Sodium Carbonate on Seepage Reduction in Farm Irrigation Ponds

Abstract

Rainfall does not always meet crop water demands in many areas, a problem that climate change is expected to exacerbate. Considering the high rate of seepage in earth ponds, there is an urgent need to improve irrigation efficiency. This research evaluates an economic layer based on a simple technology to minimize seepage at the bottom. Therefore, it is recommended that sodium salts be used in combination with soil at the bottom of irrigation ponds. Three types of slightly plastic loamy soils were selected with clay contents of 20%, 15%, and 10%. The soil textures were determined first, followed by their chemical properties. Sodium carbonate was utilized at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% by soil weight. Finally, the falling head permeability test, SEM analysis, pH, and compaction tests were conducted. Based on the results, the maximum seepage reduction was due to the use of soil sample #3. The 10% sodium carbonate caused the maximum reduction in permeability. For the pH and compaction test results, the addition of sodium carbonate respectively decreased soil permeability and increased soil compaction. Overall, the results indicate that this pond sealer can effectively reduce seepage in farm irrigation ponds.