Impact of smoking on the clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters of adult patients with periodontitis

Apatzidou, Danae Anastasia; Riggio, Marcello P.; Kinane, Denis F.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00788.x

Cited by 143 publications

(201 citation statements)

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“…A three way interaction involving smoking treatment and the visit was shown previously to influence clinical measurements at selected sites [20] at R1 but not at R2 when the clinical improvements and healing time were seen to be similar [19,20]. Although we saw no difference in baseline values between smokers and nonsmokers, smoking appears to have influenced the results observed post-treatment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

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The effect of periodontal scaling and root polishing on serum IL-17E concentrations and the IL-17A:IL-17E ratio

et al. 2016

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. (2016) The effect of periodontal scaling and root polishing on serum IL-17E concentrations and the IL-17A: IL-17E ratio. Clinical Oral Investigations, 20(9), pp. 2529-2537. (doi:10.1007/s00784-016-1749 This is the author's final accepted version.There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it.http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/116253/ The serum IL-17A:IL-17E ratio has previously been demonstrated to be a clinical marker of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the serum IL-17A:IL-17E ratio. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty chronic periodontitis patients completed this study and received periodontal treatment comprising scaling and root planing plus ultrasonic debridement. Clinical data were recorded at baseline, six weeks (R1) after treatment completion (full-mouth or quadrant-scaling and root planing) and 25 weeks after baseline (R2). Serum samples were taken at each time point and cytokines concentrations determined by ELISA. RESULTS:Following treatment, statistically significant reductions were noted in clinical parameters. However, IL-17A and IL-17E concentrations were significantly greater than baseline values before-and after-adjusting for smoking. The IL-17A:IL-17E ratio was lower at R1 and R2. Serum IL-6 and TNF levels were significantly lower at R1 only. Also exclusively at R1, serum IL-17A and IL-17E correlated positively with clinical parameters, while the IL-17A:IL-

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…Full-mouth periodontal assessments were carried out by the same examiner (DAA) at baseline, 6-weeks (R1) after treatment and six months (R2) from baseline assessment [19,20]. For the FM-SRP group R1 was on week 7 and for the Q-SRP group on week 13.…”

Section: Clinical Examination and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of periodontal scaling and root polishing on serum IL-17E concentrations and the IL-17A:IL-17E ratio

et al. 2016

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“…2 It remains unclear whether there are differences in the subgingival biofilm composition between SM and NS. Some studies have shown no differences in the prevalence of periodontal pathogens 13,14,15 while other studies have demonstrated higher levels of periodontal pathogens belonging to the red and orange complexes 10,11,12 in SM compared to NS. The present study assessed the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia at baseline and at 3 and 6 months of treatment and found that only A. actinomycetemcomitans was statistically higher at baseline in SM compared to NS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,35 In the current study, the reduction in the levels of periodontopathogens (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia) in both groups (SM and NS) was 100% after 6 months of therapy. A significant reduction of T. forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans levels in both SM and NS, absence of P. gingivalis among NS, and very low detection of P. gingivalis among SM (less than 10%) were observed after 6 months of periodontal treatment in a study conducted by Aptzidou et al 14 The same magnitude of microbiological response was observed for P. gingivalis and T. forsythia 6 months after periodontal treatment in SM and NS by Renvert et al 35 However, these authors observed that A. actinomycetemcomitans increased in SM, demonstrating that this pathogen is more difficult to be eradicated among tobacco users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have reported a high number of pathogens belonging to the red and orange complexes at periodontal sites in smokers 10,11,12 while others have not found any differences between smokers and nonsmokers. 13,14,15 The presence of cigarette components could alter the oral environment and trigger the colonization of periodontal sites by uncommon pathogens, as shown by Kamma et al, 16 who compared the microbial profile of smokers and nonsmokers in a group of patients with early-onset periodontitis and found significant levels of E. coli, C. albicans, S. aureus, and other exogenous pathogens in smokers' microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Prevalence of periodontopathogens and Candida spp. in smokers after nonsurgical periodontal therapy – a pilot study

et al. 2016

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This pilot study aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking on clinical and microbiological parameters after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Forty-eight subjects were grouped into smokers (SM, n = 24) and nonsmokers (NS, n = 24) and paired according to gender, age, ethnicity, and periodontal status. Both groups received oral hygiene education and scaling and root planing. Clinical evaluation was performed using plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket probing depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL) before instrumentation (baseline) and at 3 and 6 months. The prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida dubliniensis in subgingival biofilm was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The data were statistically analyzed considering p < 0.05. Clinical conditions improved between baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment. However, NS had a better clinical response, presenting greater PPD reduction and CAL increase in comparison to SM. Periodontal treatment reduced the levels of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. forsythia individually after 3 months for the NS group and after 6 months for both groups. The prevalence of Candida species was markedly higher in SM than in NS at all time points evaluated. Periodontopathogens associated or not with C. albicans or C. dubliniensis were more prevalent in SM than in NS at baseline and after 3 months. It was concluded that smoking impairs clinical and microbiological responses to periodontal therapy. Periodontopathogens combined or not with some Candida species are resistant to short-term periodontal therapy in SM.

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Smoking, Infectious Diseases and Innate Immune (Dys)function

Scott

Bagaitkar

2011

Cigarette Smoke Toxicity

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Impact of smoking on the clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters of adult patients with periodontitis

Cited by 143 publications

References 63 publications

The effect of periodontal scaling and root polishing on serum IL-17E concentrations and the IL-17A:IL-17E ratio

The effect of periodontal scaling and root polishing on serum IL-17E concentrations and the IL-17A:IL-17E ratio

Prevalence of periodontopathogens and Candida spp. in smokers after nonsurgical periodontal therapy – a pilot study

Smoking, Infectious Diseases and Innate Immune (Dys)function

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