Impact of smoking habit on surgical outcomes in non-B non-C patients with curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

AIMTo analyzed the correlation between smoking status and surgical outcomes in patients with non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC), and we investigated the patients’ clinicopathological characteristics according to smoking status.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the consecutive cases of 83 NBNC-HCC patients who underwent curative surgical treatment for the primary lesion at Saga University Hospital between 1984 and December 2012. We collected information about possibly carcinogenic factors such as alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, obesity and smoking habit from medical records. Smoking habits were subcategorized as never, ex- and current smoker at the time of surgery. The diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was based on both clinical information and pathological confirmation.RESULTSAlcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, obesity and NASH had no significant effect on the surgical outcomes. Current smoking status was strongly correlated with both overall survival (P = 0.0058) and disease-specific survival (P = 0.0105) by multivariate analyses. Subset analyses revealed that the current smokers were significantly younger at the time of surgery (P = 0.0002) and more likely to abuse alcohol (P = 0.0188) and to have multiple tumors (P = 0.023).CONCLUSIONCurrent smoking habit at the time of surgical treatment is a risk factor for poor long-term survival in NBNC-HCC patients. Current smokers tend to have multiple HCCs at a younger age than other patients.

Association between the expression of carbonic anhydrase�II and clinicopathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma

“…HCC is the main cause of cancer-associated mortality (8,20). It is not easy to make an early diagnosis as there are no obvious symptoms in the early stage.…”

Do smoking and alcohol behaviours influence GI cancer survival?

“…In contrast in hepatocellular carcinoma patients without viral hepatitis, neither Shih et al [81] nor Kolly et al [80] found any association between smoking and survival outcomes. However, Kai et al [79] did find that current smokers had poorer overall and liver cancer specific survival compared to never smokers and former smokers, respectively, in a cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma patients without hepatitis. Importantly all results adjusted for important confounders such as age, obesity, tumour size/stage and alcohol history, suggesting the results are unlikely to be substantially influenced by confounding.…”

“…Only 3 studies [79][80][81] identified assessed the association between smoking and survival amongst liver cancer patients (Supplementary table 3).…”

“…Nine studies [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] assessed the association between alcohol consumption and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients (Supplementary table 3). Many of these studies used measures of historical heavy alcohol consumption rather than current alcohol use.…”

The impacts of genetic polymorphisms in genes of base excision repair pathway on the efficacy and acute toxicities of (chemo)radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

“…Those who had smoked >100 cigarettes in their lifetime were considered “smoker”, and all others were considered “non-smoker” [ 32 ]. “Drinker” was defined as a daily ethanol intake > 40 g for men and > 20 g for women [ 33 ]. Additionally, the mean doses to the oral cavity, larynx, skin and 4mm under the skin (skin 4mm ) in the radiotherapy plans were also collected.…”