Impact of smokeless tobacco use on smoking in northern Sweden

Rodu, Brad; Stegmayr, Birgitta; Nasic, Salmir; Asplund, Kjell

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.01057.x

Cited by 94 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…ex-smokers become snuff dippers). 35,38 We detected no positive association regarding NHL and being overweight or obese. Impaired immune function, effects on cell proliferation and nutritional factors are some of the postulated putative biological mechanisms, but the ethological role of these factors have not been fully verified.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…[33][34] Tobacco in the form of Swedish moist oral snuff (snus) is today highly prevalent in the Swedish male population, and has been increasing during the past decades from 22% to 30%. 35 The proposal that usage of smokeless tobacco might lead to smoking behavior [36][37] has been of major concern, however some results suggest snuff dipping to be more closely related to cessation of smoking (i.e. ex-smokers become snuff dippers).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tobacco use, body mass index and the risk of malignantlymphomas—A nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Fernberg

Odenbro

Bellocco

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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In the search for risk factors involved in the etiology of lymphoproliferative malignancies there is still inconsistent evidence regarding effects of smoking tobacco, and the role of smokeless tobacco is poorly investigated. New evidence indicates that excess body weight increases the risk of NHL and HD. To determine if tobacco use of various forms and high Body Mass Index (BMI) affect the occurrence of these neoplasms, we conducted a prospective cohort study on over 330,000 Swedish construction workers included in the Construction Industry Working Environment and Health program. Information on smoking, snuff dipping, height and weight was gathered by self administered questionnaires together with personal interviews. Cancer incidence was ascertained through the year 2000 by record linkage to the nationwide Swedish Cancer Registry, Migration Registry and Cause of Death Registry. At the end of follow up, 1,309 subjects had been diagnosed with NHL (including chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and 205 with HD respectively. Age adjusted incidence rate ratios were computed using Cox proportional Hazard regression modeling. Smoking cigarette, pipe or cigar was not associated with NHL or HD. There was no evidence indicating a relation between quantity and duration of smoking and NHL or HD risk. No link was found between NHL and usage of smokeless tobacco. Having a BMI of 30 or higher did not convey excess risk of developing NHL or HD compared to normal weight ). We conclude that tobacco smoking and high BMI do not entail an increased risk of NHL and HD. Our findings of a relation between the duration of snuff dipping and HD need further investigation. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Hodgkins disease; smokingtobacco; moist snuff; body mass index Over the past decades, there has been controversy regarding the impact of tobacco use on the development of lymphatic malignancies. Although studies conducted within this area are not sparse, results have been largely inconsistent. In part, the conflicting results might reflect the various designs and sizes of the studies, study type and subjects, interview compliance and if information was obtained from study subjects or their next of kin.Tobacco smoke is known to comprise a number of components, including benzene, lead and polonium 1-3 affecting the immune system by means such as increasing mean leukocyte counts, [4][5] most strongly correlated to neutrophils and CD41 cells, 5 and altered T-cell function. 6 Moreover smoking has been correlated to lowered levels of immunoglobulins, lysozyme as well as a decrease in the total number of NK-cells in long time smokers. 7Whereas several studies have suggested smoking to be associated with NHL [8][9][10][11]8,12 others have failed to confirm these results. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] More recent studies have indicated this relation to be particularly strong for follicular lymphoma and high grade lymphomas. 9,17,20 Overweight and obesity has become a globally accelerating health issue related to increased morbidi...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use, body mass index and the risk of malignantlymphomas—A nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Fernberg

Odenbro

Bellocco

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…23 During the same period, the prevalence of smoking in men decreased from 23% to 14% in the group aged 25 to 64 years. 24 In women, the decline started later and it has been more modest (from 27% to 22%). 24 Thus, one reason for the different trends in incidence could be the different trends in smoking habits between men and women.…”

Section: Stegmayr Et Al Declining Mortality From Sah In Northern Swedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 In women, the decline started later and it has been more modest (from 27% to 22%). 24 Thus, one reason for the different trends in incidence could be the different trends in smoking habits between men and women. However, calculation of the population-attributable risk (PAR) showed that the reduction in the prevalence in smoking men during 1986 to 1999 explains only a minor part of the reduction in incidence in men.…”

Section: Stegmayr Et Al Declining Mortality From Sah In Northern Swedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declining Mortality From Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Stegmayr

Eriksson

Asplund

2004

Stroke

161

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Background and Purpose-Northern Sweden has one of the highest incidence rates of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) among the populations covered by the WHO MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Project, approximately twice as high as in the other populations in Europe. In this study, trends in incidence, 28-day case fatality (CF), and mortality in SAH were followed over a 16-year period. Methods-Since 1985, all SAHs in northern Sweden among patients 25 to 74 years old have been validated using strict MONICA criteria. From 1985 through 2000, 392 men and 592 women had SAH. During 3 years, 1997 to 1999, SAH among those aged 75 and older were also included. Results-The total incidence among those 25 years and older was 13.3 per 100 000 in men and 24.4 per 100 000 in women.During the 16 years of observation, age standardized incidence in the group aged 25 to 74 years decreased significantly in men (P for trend Ͻ0.0001) but remained essentially unchanged in women (P for trendϭ0.64). The 28-day CF for all years was 36.5% in men, with no significant trend (Pϭ0.7). In women, average CF was 35%, with a significant decline (Pϭ0.003).

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“…We identified 373 articles addressing multiple tobacco product use. Of these, twenty-five articles (Backinger et al, 2008;Bombard, Pederson, Nelson, & Malarcher, 2007;Bombard, Rock, Pederson, & Asman, 2008;Chao et al, 2002;Croucher, Islam, & Pau, 2007;Digard, Errington, Richter, & McAdam, 2009;Everett, Malarcher, Sharp, Husten, & Giovino, 2000;Galanti, Rosendahl, & Wickholm, 2008;Gilpin & Pierce, 2003;Horn, Gao, Dino, & Kamal-Bahl, 2000;Lando, Haddock, Klesges, Talcott, & Jensen, 1999;Mumford, Levy, Gitchell, & Blackman, 2005Post et al, 2005Post et al, , 2010Rigotti, Lee, & Wechsler, 2000;Rodu & Cole, 2009;Rodu, Stegmayr, Nasic, & Asplund, 2002;Skander & Larbaoui, 1989;Spangler et al, 1999Spangler et al, , 2001Tercyak & Audrain, 2002;Tomar, 2002;Wetter et al, 2002;Wickholm, Galanti, Soder, & Gilljam, 2003) reported prevalence data based upon the type and frequency of tobacco use (Supplementary Appendix A). Several different terms were used to describe the simultaneous use of two tobacco products, including "dual use" (Digard et al, 2009;Post et al, 2010;Rodu & Cole, 2009;Spangler et al, 1999Spangler et al, , 2001, "concurrent use" (Croucher et al, 2007;Mumford et al, 2005Mumford et al, , 2006Tomar, 2002), "combined use" (Rodu et al, 2002;Wickholm et al,...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Differing Definitions of Dual Tobacco Use: Implications for Studying Dual Use and a Call for Operational Definitions

Klesges

Ebbert

Morgan

et al. 2011

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Concomitant use of two forms of tobacco is an increasing public health concern, yet there is little consensus regarding a consistent definition of so-called "dual use." We defined dual use as cigarette and smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption with either product used daily or nondaily. Methods:We analyzed a cohort of 36,013 Air Force recruits. We categorized dual tobacco use across 2 dimensions, type of tobacco products (cigarettes, ST, or others), and the frequency of use (daily vs. nondaily). We determined how varying the definition impacted the prevalence estimates and evaluated the prevalence estimate based on our recommended definition of dual use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk profile of dual users of ST and cigarettes versus mono users of ST and mono users of cigarettes. Results:Varying definitions of dual use vary prevalence estimates 50-fold (0.5%-25.3%). Including only ST and cigarettes narrows the prevalence estimate to less than 4-fold (2.0%-9.7%). Dual users are more likely to be young Caucasian males, with lower education, and from families with relatively higher incomes. Compared with mono users, dual users of cigarettes and ST have a distinct pattern of risk profiles. Conclusions:Depending on the definition of dual use, markedly different prevalence and risk profiles are observed. Dual users of ST and cigarettes are a unique group of tobacco users. We propose a common definition of dual use to advance our understanding of this unique group.

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Impact of smokeless tobacco use on smoking in northern Sweden

Abstract: Abstract. Rodu B, Stegmayr B, Nasic S, Asplund K

Cited by 94 publications

References 13 publications

Tobacco use, body mass index and the risk of malignantlymphomas—A nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Tobacco use, body mass index and the risk of malignantlymphomas—A nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Declining Mortality From Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Impact of Differing Definitions of Dual Tobacco Use: Implications for Studying Dual Use and a Call for Operational Definitions

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