Impact of simulated three-dimensional perception on precision of depth judgements, technical performance and perceived workload in laparoscopy

Sakata, Shinichiro; Grove, Philip M.; Hill, Andrew; Watson, Marcus; Stevenson, Andrew

doi:10.1002/bjs.10528

Cited by 39 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…It can be assumed that the type of tool used for action, and the way in which a camera system captures the movements seen on the screen would have a critical impact on both. When the surgical camera system is part of the surgical tool itself and moves along with the tool in peri-personal space as in a recent study by Sakata et al (2017), a positive effect of stereoscopic viewing on surgical task execution times was, indeed, found. A state-of-the-art endoscopic 2D/3D camera system (EndoEye Flexlens) built into the tip of the surgical tool was used in that study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Whether virtual 3D image viewing could help overcome these drawbacks has remained a controversial issue. While some have found that 3D viewing significantly improves surgical task performance in both novices and experts (Bhayani & Andriole, 2005;Bueß, van Bergen, Kunert, & Schurr, 1996;Sakata, Grove, Hill, Watson, & Stevenson, 2017;Storz, Buess, Kunert, & Kirschniak, 2012;Taffinder, Smith, Huber, Russell, & Darzi, 1999;Tanagho et al, 2012;Votanopoulos, Brunicardi, Thornby, & Bellows, 2008), others have found equivalent or worse performance with 3D viewing compared with natural 3D or 2D screen views (Chan et al, 1997;Hanna, Shimi, & Cuschieri, 1998;Jones, Brewer, & Soper, 1996;Mueller, Camartin, Dreher, & Hänggi, 1999). Differences in task demands, complexity, and inherent affordance levels (Blavier & Nyssen, 2014) as well as inter-individual differences in adaptive goal-setting strategies of novices (Batmaz et al, 2016b(Batmaz et al, , 2017 could account for discrepancies in results from similar 3D viewing systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of 2D and 3D image views on hand movement trajectories in the surgeon’s peri-personal space in a computer controlled simulator environment

2018

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In image-guided surgical tasks, the precision and timing of hand movements depend on the effectiveness of visual cues relative to specific target areas in the surgeon's peri-personal space. Two-dimensional (2D) image views of real-world movements are known to negatively affect both constrained (with tool) and unconstrained (no tool) hand movements compared with direct action viewing. Task conditions where virtual 3D would generate and advantage for surgical eye-hand coordination are unclear. Here, we compared effects of 2D and 3D image views on the precision and timing of surgical hand movement trajectories in a simulator environment. Eight novices had to pick and place a small cube on target areas across different trajectory segments in the surgeon's peri-personal space, with the dominant hand, with and without a tool, under conditions of: (1) direct, (2) 2D fisheye camera and (3) virtual 3D viewing (head-mounted). Significant effects of the location of trajectories in the surgeon's peri-personal space on movement times and precision were found. Subjects were faster and more precise across specific target locations, depending on the viewing modality. The significant interactions between viewing conditions and trajectory locations in peri-personal space explain why 3D viewing is not necessarily an advantage to surgical precision.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 2D and 3D image views on hand movement trajectories in the surgeon’s peri-personal space in a computer controlled simulator environment

2018

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“…Stereoscopic 3D viewing through the head-mounted device did not represent a performance advantage compared with the 2D image viewing conditions in this study here. In some of the earlier studies, authors concluded that novice and expert users with normal capacity for spatial perception can work faster and safer under 3-D vision, especially in complicated surgical tasks [14,18,24]. Several explanations may account for the difference between these and our results here.…”

Section: Stereoscopic 3d Vs 2dcontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…As predicted by other [21,25,28], a sub-optimal monitor position, where the subject has to look sideways to perform the task, is predicted to affect task performance negatively compared with a near-optimal viewing position, where the monitor is aligned with the fore-arm motor task execution axis and the subject is looking straight ahead. Our head-mounted 3D system presenting the same advantage of controlling for effects of viewing angle and distance as the 3D stereo system in Sakata et al [18], we expect faster task execution times compared with 2D views from a near-optimally placed monitor. In our system, the stereo view is generated by two HD fisheye cameras at fixed locations, while in the display used by Sakata et al [18], the endoscopic HD camera producing the images for left and right moves along with the tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Seeing virtual while acting real: Visual display and strategy effects on the time and precision of eye-hand coordination

2017

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Effects of different visual displays on the time and precision of bare-handed or tool-mediated eye-hand coordination were investigated in a pick-and-place-task with complete novices. All of them scored well above average in spatial perspective taking ability and performed the task with their dominant hand. Two groups of novices, four men and four women in each group, had to place a small object in a precise order on the centre of five targets on a Real-world Action Field (RAF), as swiftly as possible and as precisely as possible, using a tool or not (control). Each individual session consisted of four visual display conditions. The order of conditions was counterbalanced between individuals and sessions. Subjects looked at what their hands were doing 1) directly in front of them (“natural” top-down view) 2) in top-down 2D fisheye view 3) in top-down undistorted 2D view or 4) in 3D stereoscopic top-down view (head-mounted OCULUS DK 2). It was made sure that object movements in all image conditions matched the real-world movements in time and space. One group was looking at the 2D images with the monitor positioned sideways (sub-optimal); the other group was looking at the monitor placed straight ahead of them (near-optimal). All image viewing conditions had significantly detrimental effects on time (seconds) and precision (pixels) of task execution when compared with “natural” direct viewing. More importantly, we find significant trade-offs between time and precision between and within groups, and significant interactions between viewing conditions and manipulation conditions. The results shed new light on controversial findings relative to visual display effects on eye-hand coordination, and lead to conclude that differences in camera systems and adaptive strategies of novices are likely to explain these.

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“…with conventional open surgery, laparoscopic surgery has proved its superiority in various prospective randomized comparison studies [18][19][20]. With advances in the equipment used for laparoscopic surgery, the progress of imaging typified by full high-vision images, 3D, and 4K has contributed to a very safe and precise procedure [21]. In order to maximize the advanced image quality, stable camera operation without trembling is desirable.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Usefulness of a Joystick-Guided Robotic Scope Holder (Soloassist) in Laparoscopic Surgery

Ohmura¹,

Nakagawa

Suzuki

et al. 2018

Visc Med

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Introduction: The Soloassist® system is a joystick-guided robotic scope holder. We evaluated the efficacy of Soloassist in laparoscopic surgery. Methods: We investigated operative time, blood loss, set-up time, length of hospital stay, and the number of participating surgeons in laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases before and after the introduction of Soloassist. Furthermore, we evaluated these factors in each group of 20 elective and emergency cholecystectomy cases by single surgeon after matching their background. To evaluate the performance level of operating Soloassist, we divided the operative field into three areas. Then we counted the frequency of energy device activation in initially 10 cases by a single surgical resident and observed its change. Results: The number of participating surgeons was significantly less and postoperative hospital days were fewer in the Soloassist group. There was no significant difference between set-up time and blood loss both in elective and emergency cases. The total number of energy device activations and that in the dangerous area decreased in accordance with the experience. Conclusion: Considering our results and previous reports, the combination use of an ideal active scope holder and a commercially available 3D scope is currently considered the best approach in laparoscopic surgery. In the near future, development of active scope holders might play an important role in laparoscopic surgery.

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Impact of simulated three-dimensional perception on precision of depth judgements, technical performance and perceived workload in laparoscopy

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of 2D and 3D image views on hand movement trajectories in the surgeon’s peri-personal space in a computer controlled simulator environment

Effects of 2D and 3D image views on hand movement trajectories in the surgeon’s peri-personal space in a computer controlled simulator environment

Seeing virtual while acting real: Visual display and strategy effects on the time and precision of eye-hand coordination

Feasibility and Usefulness of a Joystick-Guided Robotic Scope Holder (Soloassist) in Laparoscopic Surgery

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