Impact of sex on the heart's metabolic and functional responses to diabetic therapies

Lyons, Matthew R.; Peterson, Linda R.; McGill, Janet B.; Herrero, Pilar; Coggan, Andrew R.; Saeed, Ibrahim M.; Recklein, Carol; Schechtman, Kenneth B.; Gropler, Robert J.

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00420.2013

Cited by 68 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the past decade, however, studies in the human heart have demonstrated that biological sex markedly impacts cardiac metabolism at rest, 50 in response to metabolic diseases, 51,52 and in response to metabolic medications. 53 In general, women’s hearts use more FAs than men’s hearts. 52 Conversely, the hearts of men use more glucose.…”

Section: General Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Cardiac Metabolism

Taegtmeyer¹,

Young²,

Lopaschuk³

et al. 2016

Circulation Research

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230

147

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In a complex system of interrelated reactions, the heart converts chemical energy to mechanical energy. Energy transfer is achieved through coordinated activation of enzymes, ion channels, and contractile elements, as well as structural and membrane proteins. The heart’s needs for energy are difficult to overestimate. At a time when the cardiovascular research community is discovering a plethora of new molecular methods to assess cardiac metabolism, the methods remain scattered in the literature. The present statement on “Assessing Cardiac Metabolism” seeks to provide a collective and curated resource on methods and models used to investigate established and emerging aspects of cardiac metabolism. Some of those methods are refinements of classic biochemical tools, whereas most others are recent additions from the powerful tools of molecular biology. The aim of this statement is to be useful to many and to do justice to a dynamic field of great complexity.

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Section: General Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Cardiac Metabolism

Taegtmeyer¹,

Young²,

Lopaschuk³

et al. 2016

Circulation Research

Self Cite

230

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Metformin has more beneficial effects on myocardial fatty acid and glucose metabolism in men compared with women 89. Women treated with metformin to prevent T2D in the DPP reported more adverse events than men did (15% versus 10%), and were also less adherent to treatment 90.…”

Section: Glucose-lowering Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in type 2 diabetes: focus on disease course and outcomes

Arnetz¹,

Ekberg²,

Alvarsson³

2014

DMSO

149

112

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BackgroundWomen with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are less likely to reach the goals for hemoglobin A1c compared with men, and have higher all-cause mortality. The risk of cardiovascular disease is elevated among both men and women with T2D, however, the risk has declined among men over recent years while it remains stationary in women. Reasons for these sex differences remain unclear, and guidelines for diabetes treatment do not differentiate between sexes. Possible causes for varying outcome include differences in physiology, treatment response, and psychological factors. This review briefly outlines sex differences in hormonal pathophysiology, and thereafter summarizes the literature to date on sex differences in disease course and outcome.MethodsSystematic searches were performed on PubMed using “sex”, “gender”, and various glucose-lowering therapies as keywords. Earlier reviews are summarized and results from individual studies are reported. Reference lists from studies were used to augment the search.ResultsThere is an increased risk of missing the diagnosis of T2D when screening women with only fasting plasma glucose instead of with an oral glucose tolerance test. The impact of various risk factors for complications may differ by sex. Efficacy and side effects of some glucose-lowering drugs differ between men and women. Men with T2D appear to suffer more microvascular complications, while women have higher morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease and also fare worse psychologically.ConclusionFew studies to date have focused on sex differences in T2D. Several questions demand further study, such as whether risk factors and treatment guidelines should be sex-specific. There is a need for clinical trials designed specifically to evaluate sex differences in efficacy and outcome of the available treatments.

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“…This is consistent with prior literature, which has been fairly consistent in demonstrating that oxygen consumption is generally higher in womennormal, obese, and with type 2 diabetes mellitus, than in comparable groups of men. 10 Efficiency was also lower in lean and obese women than in their male counterparts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%