Impact of sex difference on survival of bladder cancer: A population‐based registry data in Japan

Abstract

Objective To investigate the impact of sex on the prognosis of bladder cancer in Japan. Methods In total, 18 728 patients diagnosed as having bladder cancer from 1993 to 2006 were registered in population‐based cancer registries of six prefectures in Japan. We estimated relative survival by sex, age, clinical stage at initial diagnosis and pathology. Results Patients included 14 203 men (75.8%) and 4525 women (24.2%). The stage at initial diagnosis in women was significantly higher than in men (P < 0.0001). Pathologically, women were more likely to have non‐urothelial cancer than men (women 18.0%, men 9.5%, P < 0.0001). The 5‐year relative survival was 80.3% for men and 67.7% for women. The 5‐year relative survival was 93.0% for men and 87.7% for women in the localized cancer group, 34.8% for men and 23.9% for women in the locally advanced cancer group, and 7.1% for men and 8.3% for women in the metastatic cancer group. The relative survival of women was worse than that of men in the localized cancer group (hazard ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.57; P = 0.0145) and locally advanced cancer group (hazard ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.52; P = 0.0001), but not different in the metastatic cancer group (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.87–1.25; P = 0.6555). Conclusions Population‐based registry data in Japan show that the cancer stage at initial diagnosis is higher in women than in men, and women with localized or locally advanced bladder cancer have a worse prognosis compared with men.

Comparative Analysis of Differentially Mutated Genes in Non-Muscle and Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in the Chinese Population by Whole Exome Sequencing

“…However, our data did not show that trend, which could be attributed to small sample size. Although men’s bladder cancer is more common, women’s prognosis is worse even after environmental factors have been corrected ( Nakayama et al, 2019 ). Although this is due to the difference in hormones between men and women, it may also be the result of the protective effects of two functional copies of KDM6A in females.…”

Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer

“…Approximately half of the mutations were accompanied by loss of the second gene copy or were co-heterozygotic. Although bladder cancer is much more prevalent in males, female patients have a worse prognosis [4]. This gender difference persists even after correction for environmental factors such as smoking.…”

“…MIBCs (of stage T2 and above) have less favorable prognosis, with five-year survival <50% and common progression to metastasis [3]. Although men are more likely to develop bladder cancer, women often present with more advanced disease and have unfavorable prognosis [4].…”

SENP3 affects the expression of PYCR1 to promote bladder cancer proliferation and EMT transformation by deSUMOylation of STAT3

“…BC currently afflicts 430,000 patients and causes 165,000 deaths per year worldwide [29][30][31]. To enhance bladder cancer therapy, new molecular targets for its diagnosis and prognosis must be identified, and new treatments must be developed.…”