Impact of sex, body mass index and initial pathologic diagnosis age on the incidence and prognosis of different types of cancer

Huang, Xuan; Shu, Chuanjun; Chen, Li; Yao, Bing

doi:10.3892/or.2018.6529

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Although it is still controversial whether plasma cholesterol levels correlate with lung cancer risks, and also whether higher body mass index (BMI) is protective or harmful to lung cancer depends on cancer types, sex, and treatments ( 30 – 32 ), statins that lower cholesterol levels reduce the risk and mortality of lung cancer in human ( 33 , 34 ), suggesting that lowering cholesterol levels, which also lowers 27HC levels, has a beneficial effect against lung cancer. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism of how cholesterol affects lung cancer pathogenesis, especially in relation with estrogen receptor status, still remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Receptor Beta-Mediated Modulation of Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation by 27-Hydroxycholesterol

et al. 2018

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27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) is an abundant cholesterol metabolite in human circulation and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation. Although lung is one of the organs that contain high levels of 27HC, the role of 27HC in lung is unknown. In this study, we found that 27HC promotes lung cancer cell proliferation in an estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-dependent manner. The expression of 27HC-generating enzyme CYP27A1 is higher in lung cancer cells than in normal lung cells. Treatment with 27HC increased cell proliferation in ERβ-positive lung cancer cells, but not in ERα-positive or ER-negative cells. The effect on cell proliferation is specific to 27HC and another oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol that has a similar oxysterol structure with 27HC. Moreover, among ligands for nuclear receptors tested, only estrogen had the proliferative effect, and the effect by 27HC and estrogen was inhibited by ERβ-specific, but not ERα-specific, inhibitors. In addition, the effect by 27HC was not affected by membrane-bound estrogen receptor GPR30. Interestingly, despite the high expression of CYP27A1, endogenously produced 27HC was not the major contributor of the 27HC-induced cell proliferation. Using kinase inhibitors, we found that the effect by 27HC was mediated by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These results suggest that 27HC promotes lung cancer cell proliferation via ERβ and PI3K-Akt signaling. Thus, lowering 27HC levels may lead to a novel approach for the treatment of lung cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Receptor Beta-Mediated Modulation of Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation by 27-Hydroxycholesterol

et al. 2018

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“…17) In many cancers, age is an important prognostic factor and implies different molecular pathogenesis. 18,19) We adopted same treatment approach both for children and adolescents with DTC, however, patients ≤15 years had a more tumor recurrence and lower EFS. Albeit the aggressive feature, our children with DTC showed good response to treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Tumor Size is a Prognostic Factor in Pediatric/Adolescent Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

변¹,

이²,

김³

et al. 2020

Korean J Head Neck Oncol

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Background/Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in children and adolescents. Materials & Methods: Medical records of 31 DTC cases that were diagnosed and treated at Korea Cancer Center Hospital between 2002 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Most cases were papillary carcinoma (n=26), with female predominance (n=25). Median age was 16.4 years (range, 11.9-18.6 years). Extrathyroidal extension was present in 24 cases. Twenty cases had tumor involvement at cervical lymph nodes and three had lung metastasis. Twenty-two patients received radioactive iodide treatment with a median cumulative dose of 300 mCi (range, 100-920 mCi). During a median follow-up of 68.2 months (range, 2.3-191.4 months), serum thyroglobulin level was elevated in 15 patients. Among them, two cases had remnant thyroid tissue, 4 had recurrence at cervical lymph nodes, and the remaining 9 did not have any detectable lesion. All were alive, and 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 45.2±10.1%. Age £15 years, tumor size, lymph node status (N1b), and distant metastasis had negative effects on EFS. On multivariate analysis, age and tumor size had prognostic significance. Conclusion: For DTC of children and adolescents (£18 years old), age ≤15 years and tumor size were prognostic factor. Therefore, patients in this age group need meticulous follow-up. Further studies are necessary to answer the potential influence of age on the incidence and behavior of DTC.

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“…These human data reflect the effect of hormones. Although the databases do not directly address the cause of these differences, several studies using the databases mentioned hormones as the cause of these differences in liver cancer (57,58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‑biased differences in the correlation between epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition‑associated genes in cancer cell lines

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Oncol Lett

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There is a wide disparity in the incidence, malignancy and mortality of different types of cancer between each sex. The sex-specificity of cancer seems to be dependent on the type of cancer. Cancer incidence and mortality have been demonstrated as sex-specific in a number of different types of cancer, such as liver cancer, whereas sex-specificity is not noticeable in certain other types of cancer, including colon and lung cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular basis for sex-biased gene expression in cancer. The mRNA expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-associated genes was investigated, including E-cadherin (also termed CDH1), vimentin (VIM), discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in female-and male-derived cancer cell lines by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and the Broad-Novartis Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database analysis. A negative correlation was observed between DDR1 and ZEB1 only in the female-derived cancer cell lines via RT-PCR analysis. A negative correlation between DDR1 index (defined by the logarithmic value of DDR1 divided by ZEB1, based on the mRNA data from the RT-PCR analysis) and an invasive phenotype was observed in cancer cell lines in a sex-specific manner. Analysis of the CCLE database demonstrated that DDR1 and ZEB1, which are already known to be sex-biased, were negatively correlated in female-derived liver cancer cell lines, but not in male-derived liver cancer cell lines. In contrast, cell lines of colon and lung cancer did not reveal any sex-dependent difference in the correlation between DDR1 and ZEB1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves using the transcriptomic datasets such as Gene Expression Omnibus, European Genome-phenome Archiva and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases suggested a sex-biased difference in the correlation between DDR1 expression pattern and overall survival in patients with liver cancer. The results of the present study indicate that sex factors may affect the regulation of gene expression, contributing to the sex-biased progression of the different types of cancer, particularly liver cancer. Overall, these findings suggest that analyses of the correlation between DDR1 and ZEB1 may prove useful when investigating sex-biased cancers.

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Impact of sex, body mass index and initial pathologic diagnosis age on the incidence and prognosis of different types of cancer

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

Estrogen Receptor Beta-Mediated Modulation of Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation by 27-Hydroxycholesterol

Estrogen Receptor Beta-Mediated Modulation of Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation by 27-Hydroxycholesterol

Age and Tumor Size is a Prognostic Factor in Pediatric/Adolescent Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Sex‑biased differences in the correlation between epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition‑associated genes in cancer cell lines

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