Impact of selected antagonistic fungi on Fusarium species – toxigenic cereal pathogens

Abstract

wojska polskiego 75, pL-60-625 poznań popiel D., Kwaśna H., Chełkowski J., stępień ł., Laskowska M.: Impact of selected antagonistic fungi on Fusarium species -toxigenic cereal pathogens. Acta Mycol. 43 (1): 29-40, 2008.Fusarium-ear blight is a destructive disease in various cereal-growing regions and leads to significant yield and quality losses for farmers and to contamination of cereal grains with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol and derivatives, zearalenone and moniliformin. Fusarium pathogens grow well and produce significant inoculum on crop resiudues. Reduction of mycotoxins production and pathogen sporulation may be influenced by saprophytic fungi, exhibiting antagonistic effect.Dual culture bioassays were used to examine the impact of 92 isolates (belonging to 29 fungal species) against three toxigenic species, i.e. Fusarium avenaceum (Corda) saccardo, F. culmorum (w.G.smith) saccardo and F. graminearum schwabe. Both F.culmorum and F. graminearum isolates produce trichothecene mycotoxins and mycohormone zearalenone and are considered to be the most important cereal pathogens worldwide. infection with those pathogens leads to accumulation of mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DoN) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grains. Fusarium avenaceum isolates are producers of moniliformin (MoN) and enniatins. isolates of Trichoderma sp. were found to be the most effective ones to control the growth of examined Fusarium species. the response of Fusarium isolates to antagonistic activity of Trichoderma isolates varied and also the isolates of Trichoderma differed in their antagonistic activity against Fusarium isolates. the production of MoN by two isolates of F. avenaceum in dual culture on rice was reduced by 95% to 100% by T. atroviride isolate AN 35. the same antagonist reduced the amount of moniliformin from 100 μg/g to 6.5 μg/g when inoculated to rice culture contaminated with MoN, which suggests the possible decomposition of this mycotoxin.

Virulence and toxin synthesis of an azole insensitive Fusarium culmorum strain in wheat cultivars with different levels of resistance to fusarium head blight

“…The interaction and mechanisms of the inhibition of the Fusarium spp. development by antagonistic fungi are reported for the inhibition of F. avenaceum , F. culmorum and F. graminearum (Popiel et al ., ). The data here suggest a good correlation between infected spikelets and yield (correlation coefficient r = 0·705), but no correlation between infection and DON content.…”

Formation of 6-n-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PAP) and other volatiles by different Trichoderma species

“…In previous studies, T. atroviride AN35 strain exhibited the most considerable antagonistic potential towards Fusarium species (Buśko et al 2008;Popiel et al 2008). The results obtained from the dual culture assay indicated that the T. atroviride AN35 strain significantly reduced both the mycelial growth of F. culmorum , F. graminearum , and F. avenaceum isolates, as well as moniliformin, zearalenone, and five trichothecene mycotoxin (DON, 3AcDON, 15AcDON, NIV, FUS) production (over 95 %) by Fusarium isolates (Buśko et al 2008;Popiel et al 2008). As shown here, the mycelial growth retardation of Fusarium isolates (F. culmorum, F. graminearum , and F. avenaceum ) was also observed in the presence of the pure form of 6-PAP.…”

Possible way of zearalenone migration in the agricultural environment

“…A comparison of the results recorded in Poland and Switzerland shows that in spite of inoculation reported by Hartmann et al (2008a) as well as significantly higher content of toxins in plants ZEA concentration in soil and water was present at similar levels. The results indicate that toxin adsorption occurs in trace amounts; therefore we have to consider the possibility of toxin degradation by microorganisms such as Trichoderma and Clonostachys (Popiel et al 2008 as well as the possibility of ZEA migration into the deeper soil layers. However, the results confirm a relationship between the severity of Fusarium diseases and toxin content in soil and water.…”