Impact of seed discolouration on emergence and early plant growth of durum wheat at different soil gravimetric water contents

Fernandez, M. R.; Wang, H.; Singh, Arti

doi:10.1080/07060661.2014.957242

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Many studies indicate that black point is enhanced by abiotic stresses, as symptoms more likely occur after exposure to high humidity and extreme temperatures during grain filling [ 9 , 10 ]. However, the causes of black point remain unclear and contradictory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association mapping of black point reaction in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundBlack point is a serious threat to wheat production and can be managed by host resistance. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to accelerate genetic improvement of black point resistance in wheat breeding. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the high-density wheat 90 K and 660 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays to better understand the genetic basis of black point resistance and identify associated molecular markers.ResultsBlack point reactions were evaluated in 166 elite wheat cultivars in five environments. Twenty-five unique loci were identified on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B (2), 3D, 4B (2), 5A (3), 5B (3), 6A, 6B, 6D, 7A (5), 7B and 7D (2), respectively, explaining phenotypic variation ranging from 7.9 to 18.0%. The highest number of loci was detected in the A genome (11), followed by the B (10) and D (4) genomes. Among these, 13 were identified in two or more environments. Seven loci coincided with known genes or quantitative trait locus (QTL), whereas the other 18 were potentially novel loci. Linear regression showed a clear dependence of black point scores on the number of favorable alleles, suggesting that QTL pyramiding will be an effective approach to increase resistance. In silico analysis of sequences of resistance-associated SNPs identified 6 genes possibly involved in oxidase, signal transduction and stress resistance as candidate genes involved in black point reaction.ConclusionSNP markers significantly associated with black point resistance and accessions with a larger number of resistance alleles can be used to further enhance black point resistance in breeding. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of black point reaction.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-017-1167-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association mapping of black point reaction in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

et al. 2017

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“…Intriguingly, some Ptr colonies re-isolated from wheat heads had a reddish appearance which does not conform to the standard morphology of the pathogen when cultured in vitro. Although the recovery of Ptr from infected or discoloured glumes and kernel has previously been reported [6,8,23], no study has reported an irregular Ptr colony morphology isolated from wheat heads. While the case for such changes in morphology is unknown, it is possible that the reddish pigmentation observed in the colonies may be responsible for the red smudge symptoms, if in high abundance under the right conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, discrepancies as to the effect of red smudge on seed germination and the resulting number of tillers have been described. Although a 20% decrease in germination was recorded across the discoloured kernels, the effect of red smudge on the numbers of tillers has been shown to be more variable in comparison to black point or dark smudge under different experimental environments [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The most common symptom associated with seed infection by Ptr is red smudge, a pink to bright red discolouration of the wheat kernel [1,5]. Other seed symptoms have also been reported to be associated with Ptr infection and include black point [1], a black discolouration of the grain coat overlying the germ, and dark smudge, which is characterised by darkening at the germ end [5,6]; however, other fungal pathogens such as Alternaria species and Cochiliobolus sativus are generally associated with such darkening symptoms [1,3,7,8]. Although the biosynthetic pathways leading to the development of the pink discolouration on the kernel has not been understood, oxidation of phenolic compounds has been suggested to be the cause [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detrimental effect of fungal infected seeds is not limited to profitability but also affects crop plant productivity and ultimately yield if the infected seeds are used as source for sowing. A slower rate of seedling emergence, a decrease in overall seed germination and seedling vigour [5,11], as well as a reduced numbers of tillers and heads [2,8,12,13] are some of the negative effects that have been observed as a result of Ptr infected seeds. In plants grown from heavily infected seed, up to 20% or fewer heads have been reported, which resulted in a 17% lower grain yield per plot [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Infection of Wheat Heads

See¹,

Schultz²,

Moffat³

2020

Agriculture

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The incidence of wheat head infection by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), the etiological agent of tan spot disease, was evaluated during grain development in a glasshouse experiment. Heads artificially inoculated with a Ptr spore suspension developed widespread brown spots across the spikelets, and mycelia and conidophores were observed on glumes and awns. Seeds of heavily infected heads were darkened and shrivelled, but no red smudge symptoms were apparent. The recovery rate of Ptr isolates from the inoculated wheat heads was low, and colonies that were re-isolated displayed an irregular morphology with reddish mycelia when grown on agar plates. The presence of Ptr on inoculated wheat heads was assessed directly via PCR detection, and a limitation of Ptr hyphae to proliferate beyond the point of contact of spore inoculum on floret tissues was observed. The systemic transmission of Ptr from infected seeds was minimal; however, saprophytic growth of the pathogen occurred on the senescing leaves of wheat plants grown from inoculated seeds. Thus, even though Ptr seed infection is not as common as foliar infection, infected seeds are still a source of disease inoculum and screening for pathogen contamination is advisable.

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Genome-wide linkage mapping of QTL for black point reaction in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Liu

et al. 2016

Theor Appl Genet

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Nine QTL for black point resistance in wheat were identified using a RIL population derived from a Linmai 2/Zhong 892 cross and 90K SNP assay. Black point, discoloration of the embryo end of the grain, downgrades wheat grain quality leading to significant economic losses to the wheat industry. The availability of molecular markers will accelerate improvement of black point resistance in wheat breeding. The aims of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for black point resistance and tightly linked molecular markers, and to search for candidate genes using a high-density genetic linkage map of wheat. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross Linmai 2/Zhong 892 was evaluated for black point reaction during the 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 cropping seasons, providing data for seven environments. A high-density linkage map was constructed by genotyping the RILs with the wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. Composite interval mapping detected nine QTL on chromosomes 2AL, 2BL, 3AL, 3BL, 5AS, 6A, 7AL (2) and 7BS, designated as QBp.caas-2AL, QBp.caas-2BL, QBp.caas-3AL, QBp.caas-3BL, QBp.caas-5AS, QBp.caas-6A, QBp.caas-7AL.1, QBp.caas-7AL.2 and QBp.caas-7BS, respectively. All resistance alleles, except for QBp.caas-7AL.1 from Linmai 2, were contributed by Zhong 892. QBp.caas-3BL, QBp.caas-5AS, QBp.caas-7AL.1, QBp.caas-7AL.2 and QBp.caas-7BS probably represent new loci for black point resistance. Sequences of tightly linked SNPs were used to survey wheat and related cereal genomes identifying three candidate genes for black point resistance. The tightly linked SNP markers can be used in marker-assisted breeding in combination with the kompetitive allele specific PCR technique to improve black point resistance.

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Impact of seed discolouration on emergence and early plant growth of durum wheat at different soil gravimetric water contents

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Genome-wide association mapping of black point reaction in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome-wide association mapping of black point reaction in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Evaluation of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Infection of Wheat Heads

Genome-wide linkage mapping of QTL for black point reaction in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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