Impact of Sea Breeze Circulation on the Transport of Ship Emissions in Tangshan Port, China

Shang, Fang; Chen, Dongsheng; Guo, Xulin; Lang, Jianlei; Zhou, Ying; Li, Yue; Fu, Xiaoyi

doi:10.3390/atmos10110723

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Studies reveal that ocean-going ships represent a significant source of air pollution to coastal communities such as LA-LBMA during periods with regional transport [ 27 ]. For a coastal area like LA-LBMA, the adverse influence of ship emissions on air quality can be aggravated by the onshore flow of sea breeze circulation [ 28 ]. Figure 3 depicts the city boundary of the Long Beach Metro area and the city of Signal Hill.…”

Section: Case Study: Pm 25 Concentration Increase Risk In Los Angeles-long Beach Metro Area (La-lbma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Risk and Decision Analysis Framework to Evaluate Future PM2.5 Risk: A Case Study in Los Angeles-Long Beach Metro Area

Guan

2021

IJERPH

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This study examines the L.A.-Long Beach Metro area concerning the future risk of the PM2.5 concentration increase. Population expansion, economic growth, and temperature increase are incorporated to estimate the probability of the magnitude of PM2.5 emission increase. Three possible sectors for the reduction of PM2.5 emissions are considered: ocean-going vessels, refineries, and electricity-generating units. The decision of how best to allocate emissions-reduction efforts among these three sectors is analyzed using a quantitative and qualitative decision-analysis framework. For quantitative analysis, Expected Monetary Value (EMV) and Expected Utility (EU) methods are used to select the optimal sector to invest in. Based on the EMV calculation, the refineries sector is 3.5 times and 6.4 times more worthy of investment compared to the electricity-generating units and the ocean-going vessels sector, respectively. For the qualitative analysis, three criteria (investment efficiency, implementation difficulty, time to become effective) are considered in the decision-making process and sensitivity analysis is conducted to inform the ocean-going vessel sector is the optimal alternative for all possible scenarios. The refineries sector is more preferred than the electricity-generating units sector when the implementation difficulty’s weight is smaller than 50%. This study provides a valuable risk and decision analysis framework for analyzing the air pollution problem associated with the future PM2.5 concentration increase caused by three risk factors: population growth, economic growth, and climate change.

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Section: Case Study: Pm 25 Concentration Increase Risk In Los Angeles-long Beach Metro Area (La-lbma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Risk and Decision Analysis Framework to Evaluate Future PM2.5 Risk: A Case Study in Los Angeles-Long Beach Metro Area

Guan

2021

IJERPH

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“…Exhaust gas f low Engine power (2) where EF i or EF j is the emission factor of gases, which is presented as mass per kWh of engine (g/kWh). C i or C j and MW i or MW j are the concentration and molecular weight of O2, NO X , SO2, CO2, and CO in the exhaust gas, respectively.…”

Section: Exhaust Gas F Lowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When compared with the ordinary diesel used by the vehicles plying on roads, such as motor vehicles, marine fuel oil exhibits a high sulfur content, high viscosity, and high heavy metal content; in particular, the sulfur content of marine fuel oil is considerably higher than that of ordinary diesel, resulting in higher sulfur oxides (SO X ) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. The majority of the ports, channels, and anchorages are located near human communities, and more than 70% of ship emissions may affect the inland environment located within a radius of hundreds of kilometers [1,2]. The aforementioned pollutants interact with and influence the sea and land weather as well as the climate system, considerably harming human health and ecosystems [3] and resulting in climate change, which cannot be ignored [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous Emissions from a Seagoing Ship under Different Operating Conditions in the Coastal Region of China

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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Pollution caused by ship emissions has drawn attention from various countries. Because of the high density of ships in ports, channels, and anchorages and their proximity to the densely populated areas, ship emissions will considerably impact these areas. Herein, a Chinese seagoing ship is selected and a platform is established for monitoring the ship emissions to obtain detailed characteristics of the ship’s nearshore emissions. The ship navigation and pollution emission data are obtained under six complete operating conditions, i.e., berthing, manoeuvring in port, acceleration in a channel, cruising, deceleration before anchoring, and anchoring. This study analyzes the concentrations of the main emission gases (O2, NOX, SO2, CO2, and CO) and the average emission factors (EFs) of the pollution gases (NOX, SO2, CO2, and CO) based on the engine power under different operating conditions. Results show that the change in O2 concentration reflects the load associated with the main engine of the ship. The NOX, SO2, and CO2 emission concentrations are the highest during cruising, whereas the peak CO emission concentration is observed during anchoring. The average EFs of NOX and SO2 based on the power of the main engine are the highest during cruising, and those of CO2 and CO are the highest after anchoring. The ship EFs are different during acceleration and deceleration. By comparing the EFs along the coast of China and the global EFs commonly used to perform the emission inventory calculations in China, the NOX EFs under different operating conditions is observed to be generally lower than the global EFs under the corresponding operating conditions. Furthermore, the SO2 EF is considerably affected by the sulfur content in the fuel oil and the operating conditions of the ship. The average CO2 EFs are higher than the global EFs commonly used during cruising, and the CO EFs are higher than the global EFs under all the conditions. Our results help to supplement the EFs for this type of ship under different operating conditions, resolve the lack of emission data under anchoring conditions, and provide data support to conduct nearshore environmental monitoring and assessment.

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“…Krysztofiak-Tong et al (2017) evaluated the air pollution contributed from ships and oil platforms in West Africa by using the Lagrangian model FLEXPART. Shang et al (2019) and Chen et al (2018) applied the Eulerian-based WRF-Chem model to simulate the influence of ship emissions on harbor cities in China. Liu et al (2017) studied the impact of ship emissions on the Shanghai urban area by using the WRF-CMAQ model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a moving point source model for shipping emission dispersion modeling in EPISODE–CityChem v1.3

et al. 2021

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Abstract. This paper demonstrates the development of a moving point source (MPS) model for simulating the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants emitted from ships under movement. The new model is integrated into the chemistry transport model EPISODE–CityChem v1.3. In the new model, ship parameters, especially speed and direction, are included to simulate the instantaneous ship positions and then the emission dispersion at different simulation time. The model was first applied to shipping emission dispersion modeling under simplified conditions, and the instantaneous and hourly averaged emission concentrations predicted by the MPS model and the commonly used line source (LS) and fixed point source (FPS) models were compared. The instantaneous calculations were quite different due to the different ways to treat the moving emission sources by different models. However, for the hourly averaged concentrations, the differences became smaller, especially for a large number of ships. The new model was applied to a real configuration from the seas around Singapore that included hundreds of ships, and their dispersion was simulated over a period of a few hours. The simulated results were compared to measured values at different locations, and it was found that reasonable emission concentrations were predicted by the moving point source model.

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Impact of Sea Breeze Circulation on the Transport of Ship Emissions in Tangshan Port, China

Cited by 20 publications

References 85 publications

A Risk and Decision Analysis Framework to Evaluate Future PM2.5 Risk: A Case Study in Los Angeles-Long Beach Metro Area

A Risk and Decision Analysis Framework to Evaluate Future PM2.5 Risk: A Case Study in Los Angeles-Long Beach Metro Area

Gaseous Emissions from a Seagoing Ship under Different Operating Conditions in the Coastal Region of China

Development of a moving point source model for shipping emission dispersion modeling in EPISODE–CityChem v1.3

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