Impact of screw configuration on the particle size distribution of granules produced by twin screw granulation

Vercruysse, Jurgen; Burggraeve, A.; Fonteyne, Margot; Cappuyns, Philippe; Delaet, Urbain; Assche, Ivo Van; Beer, Thomas De; Remon, Jean Paul; Vervaet, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.071

Cited by 85 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These multimodal distributions can potentially result in segregation during downstream processing and have a negative effect on the drying uniformity. Efforts have been made to obtain monomodal GSD after continuous granulation through optimization of the feeder performance, screw design, binder addition, liquid pump, nozzle design and operation at low filling degree [22,28,30,35,36]. However, for granulation of HPMC bimodal distributions were also reported on high shear granulation which was attributed to the specific vs. F9 in Figure 3).…”

Section: Influence Of Formulation Variables On Granule Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous twin screw granulation of controlled release formulations with various HPMC grades

Vanhoorne

Janssens

Vercruysse

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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HPMC is a popular matrix former to formulate tablets with extended drug release. Tablets with HPMC are preferentially produced by direct compression. However, granulation is often required prior to tableting to overcome poor flowability of the formulation. While continuous twin screw granulation has been extensively evaluated for granulation of immediate release formulations, twin screw granulation of controlled release formulations including the dissolution behavior of the formulations received little attention. Therefore, the influence of the HPMC grade (viscosity and substitution degree) and the particle size of theophylline on critical quality attributes of granules (continuously produced via twin screw granulation) and tablets was investigated in the current study. Formulations with 20 or 40% HPMC, 20% theophylline and lactose were granulated with water at fixed process parameters via twin screw granulation.The torque was influenced by the viscosity and substitution degree of HPMC, but was not a limiting factor for the granulation process. An optimal L/S ratio was selected for each formulation based on the granule size distribution. The granule size distributions were influenced by the substitution degree and concentration of HPMC and the particle size of theophylline. Raman and UV spectroscopic analysis on 8 sieve fractions of granules indicated an inhomogeneous distribution of theophylline over the size fractions. However, this phenomenon was not correlated with the hydration rate or viscosity of HPMC. Controlled release of theophylline could be obtained over 24 h with release profiles close to zero-order.The release of theophylline could be tailored via selection of the substitution degree and viscosity of HPMC.

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Section: Influence Of Formulation Variables On Granule Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous twin screw granulation of controlled release formulations with various HPMC grades

Vanhoorne

Janssens

Vercruysse

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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“…Only a limited number of studies on twin screw granulation addressed formulation development while most studies focused on the influence of process parameters on granule quality [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. Moreover, most studies used formulations with lactose or microcrystalline cellulose as fillers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it was investigated if the polymorphic transition from δ-to β-mannitol, which has only been reported during batch high shear granulation, also occurred during twin screw granulation and whether this transition depended on process parameters as the residence time as well as the liquid content during twin-screw granulation are considerably lower compared to batch granulation processes [6,14,17,19,26,27,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved tabletability after a polymorphic transition of delta-mannitol during twin screw granulation

Vanhoorne

Bekaert

Peeters

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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To refer to or to cite this work, please use the citation to the published version:Vanhoorne V., Bekaert B., Peeters E., De Beer T., Remon J.P., Vervaet C. (2016) Improved tabletability after a polymorphic transition of delta-mannitol during twin screw granulation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 506 13-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.025 AbstractIn most formulations processed via continuous twin screw granulation microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and/or lactose are used as excipients, but mannitol is also a preferred excipient for wet granulation and tableting due to its non-hygroscopicity and inertness.Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of process parameters on critical quality attributes of granules (moisture content, solid state, morphology, size distribution, specific surface area, friability, flowability and hygroscopicity) and tablets (tensile strength and friability) after twin screw granulation of δ-mannitol. The δ-polymorph was selected since a moisture-induced transformation to β-mannitol was observed during batch wet granulation, which exhibited a unique morphology with a large surface area and improved tabletability. A full factorial experimental design was performed, varying screw speed (400 -900 rpm), granulation temperature (25 -40 °C), number of kneading elements (6 or 12) and liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio, on the granulation unit of a ConsiGma TM -25 line (a continuous powder-to-tablet manufacturing system). After tray drying the granules were milled and tableted. The results showed that the polymorphic transition from δ-to β-mannitol also occurred during twin screw granulation, although the residence time and L/S ratios were much lower in continuous twin screw granulation compared to batch processing. However, the polymorphic transition was not complete in all experiments and depended on the L/S ratio, screw speed and number of kneading elements. Nevertheless all granules exhibited the unique morphology linked to the polymorphic transition and had a superior tabletability compared to granules produced with β-mannitol as starting material. This was attributed to enhanced plastic deformation of the granules manufactured using δ-mannitol as starting material. In addition, it was concluded that mannitol was granulated via a different mechanism than other, lesssoluble, excipients (e.g. lactose, microcrystalline cellulose) due to its high solubility and dissolution rate as the influence of process parameters on the mannitol granule characteristics was different.

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“…Vercruysse et al [51] reported a study on TSG to investigate the impact of the screw configuration of a 25-mm granulator on the particle size distribution (PSD). By optimizing the process with kneading elements, the authors A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t found that, although the width of the PSD was partially mono-modal and narrow, a homogeneous liquid distribution was achieved throughout the process.…”

Section: Applications Via Hmementioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous manufacturing via hot-melt extrusion and scale up: regulatory matters

Maniruzzaman

Nokhodchi

2017

Drug Discovery Today

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A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Highlights  HME can be exploited in a broad range of applications for advanced drug delivery  Unique advantages to be utilised in a solvent free manufacturing platform  A means to explore the potential of continuous manufacture of pharmaceuticals  Scale-up issue considerations, from an FDA compliance point of view  HME regulatory guidelines for the manufacture of novel drug delivery systems Ali NokhodchiAli Nokhodchi is a professor of pharmaceutics and drug delivery at the University of Sussex. He has supervised over 120 Mpharm, PharmD, and MSc students and 15 PhD postgraduate students at several institutions in various fields of pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery. He is an editorial board member of over 20 peer-reviewed international journals. Ali has published over 185 research articles in various fields of pharmaceutics, including tableting, particle engineering, inhalation, nanoparticles, dissolution, skin delivery, and controlled-release formulations. In addition, he has published five book chapters on skin, controlled-release formulations, particle engineering, and inhalation products. Ali has also been the editor of a book on pulmonary delivery published by Wiley in 2015. He has been the recipient of several prizes in pharmaceutical sciences and has been listed by Essential Science Indicators in the top 1% scientists in the field of pharmacology and toxicology.Currently, because globalization, the pharmaceutical industry is facing enormous challenges to comply with regulatory matters. Reduced patent life and overall decreased profitability of newly discovered drugs are also forcing the pharmaceutical industry to shorten the drug development time with maximum throughput. Therefore, continuous manufacturing (CM) processes via hot melt extrusion (HME) can be a promising alternative for achieving these goals. HME offers solvent-free green technology with a process that is easy to scale up. Moreover, CM provides better product quality assurance compared with batch processes, with fewer labor costs and shorter time to development. In this review, we primarily focus on various aspects of CM and the emerging application of HME to bridge the current manufacturing gap in pharmaceutical sphere.

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Impact of screw configuration on the particle size distribution of granules produced by twin screw granulation

Cited by 85 publications

References 26 publications

Continuous twin screw granulation of controlled release formulations with various HPMC grades

Continuous twin screw granulation of controlled release formulations with various HPMC grades

Improved tabletability after a polymorphic transition of delta-mannitol during twin screw granulation

Continuous manufacturing via hot-melt extrusion and scale up: regulatory matters

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