Abstract:Evolving data show a variable expression of clinical neurological manifestations in patients suffering with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from early disease onset. The most frequent symptoms and signs are fatigue, dizziness, impaired consciousness, ageusia, anosmia, radicular pain, and headache, as well as others. Based on the high number of series of cases reported, there is evidence for the implication of the immune system in the pathological mechanism of COVID-19. Although the exact role of the immuno… Show more
“…The COVID-19 virus infection and the impact of the virus on society causes several different sequels and comorbidities in physical and mental health [ 26 ]. Infection with COVID-19 may cause the worsening of neuropsychiatric disorders and/or the development of neuropsychiatric disorders [ 26 , 27 ].…”
Section: Impact Of Covid-19 On Neuropsychiatric Disordersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The COVID-19 virus infection and the impact of the virus on society causes several different sequels and comorbidities in physical and mental health [ 26 ]. Infection with COVID-19 may cause the worsening of neuropsychiatric disorders and/or the development of neuropsychiatric disorders [ 26 , 27 ]. In addition, the societal consequences of the pandemic (i.e., isolation and quarantine) have caused the worsening and development of neuropsychiatric disorders [ 26 ].…”
Section: Impact Of Covid-19 On Neuropsychiatric Disordersmentioning
Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many studies have shown that besides common COVID-19 symptoms, patients may develop various neuropsychiatric conditions including anxiety, mood disorders, psychosis, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., dementia), insomnia, and even substance abuse disorders. COVID-19 can also worsen the patients underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions during or after the system phase of disease. In this review, we discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on development or status of neuropsychiatric conditions during or following COVID-19.
“…The COVID-19 virus infection and the impact of the virus on society causes several different sequels and comorbidities in physical and mental health [ 26 ]. Infection with COVID-19 may cause the worsening of neuropsychiatric disorders and/or the development of neuropsychiatric disorders [ 26 , 27 ].…”
Section: Impact Of Covid-19 On Neuropsychiatric Disordersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The COVID-19 virus infection and the impact of the virus on society causes several different sequels and comorbidities in physical and mental health [ 26 ]. Infection with COVID-19 may cause the worsening of neuropsychiatric disorders and/or the development of neuropsychiatric disorders [ 26 , 27 ]. In addition, the societal consequences of the pandemic (i.e., isolation and quarantine) have caused the worsening and development of neuropsychiatric disorders [ 26 ].…”
Section: Impact Of Covid-19 On Neuropsychiatric Disordersmentioning
Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many studies have shown that besides common COVID-19 symptoms, patients may develop various neuropsychiatric conditions including anxiety, mood disorders, psychosis, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., dementia), insomnia, and even substance abuse disorders. COVID-19 can also worsen the patients underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions during or after the system phase of disease. In this review, we discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on development or status of neuropsychiatric conditions during or following COVID-19.
“…Unfortunately, ideological resistance, fueled by ignorance and the pursuit of profits, has undermined and continues to undermine this collective effort. Furthermore, clinical and epidemiological data show that COVID-19 has long-term effects that lead to post-COVID-19 neuropsychiatric disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD; Heneka et al, 2020;Robinson-Agramonte et al, 2021;Toniolo et al, 2021).…”
We are living in a terrifying pandemic caused by Sars-CoV-2, in which patients with diabetes mellitus have, from the beginning, been identified as having a high risk of hospitalization and mortality. This viral disease is not limited to the respiratory system, but also affects, among other organs, the central nervous system. Furthermore, we already know that individuals with diabetes mellitus exhibit signs of astrocyte dysfunction and are more likely to develop cognitive deficits and even dementia. It is now being realized that COVID-19 incurs long-term effects and that those infected can develop several neurological and psychiatric manifestations. As this virus seriously compromises cell metabolism by triggering several mechanisms leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR), which involves endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ depletion, we review here the basis involved in this response that are intimately associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The discussion aims to highlight two aspects—the role of calcium-binding proteins and the role of astrocytes, glial cells that integrate energy metabolism with neurotransmission and with neuroinflammation. Among the proteins discussed are calpain, calcineurin, and sorcin. These proteins are emphasized as markers of the UPR and are potential therapeutic targets. Finally, we discuss the role of drugs widely prescribed to patients with diabetes mellitus, such as statins, metformin, and calcium channel blockers. The review assesses potential neuroprotection mechanisms, focusing on the UPR and the restoration of reticular Ca2+ homeostasis, based on both clinical and experimental data.
“…In fact, the severity of COVID-19 is not limited to the respiratory system; it affects many other systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). Neural changes are variable, including anosmia and ageusia, mood changes (especially depression), anxiety and even loss of consciousness and cognitive deficits ( 2 ). At the beginning of the pandemic, the debate focused on whether direct effects on nerve cells occurred (neuroinfection), or whether these effects were secondary to systemic changes, such as hypercytokinemia, hypercoagulability or hypoxemia ( 3 ).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Figure 1 Potential mechanisms by which glial reactivity may be induced in NPSLE patients with COVID-19 ( 1 ). In the first condition, the inflammatory impact of the rheumatic disease on intact astrocytes in the CNS (in SLE) initially triggers the glial reactivity found in NPSLE, characterized by increased GFAP expression (with or without its release to the extracellular space) and increased secretion of S100B ( 2 ). In the second condition, the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 (along with hypoxemia and thrombotic events) produces glial reactivity, which may or may not overlap with condition 1 ( 3 ).…”
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