Impact of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (B.1.617.2) in surging second wave of COVID-19 and efficacy of vaccines in tackling the ongoing pandemic

Tareq, Abu Montakim; Emran, Talha Bin; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhawan, Manish; Tallei, Trina Ekawati

doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1963601

Cited by 58 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Other vaccines had also been used or authorized in multiple parts of the world. Vaccination hesitancy is an important obstacle to achieve herd immunity [ 4 – 6 ]. One of the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy is the concerns about vaccine safety, adverse effects, or toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaphylactic and nonanaphylactic reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Alhumaid

Mutair

Alawi

et al. 2021

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol

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Background Currently there is no systematic review and meta-analysis of the global incidence rates of anaphylactic and nonanaphylactic reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the general adult population. Objectives To estimate the incidence rates of anaphylactic and nonanaphylactic reactions after COVID-19 vaccines and describe the demographic and clinical characteristics, triggers, presenting signs and symptoms, treatment and clinical course of confirmed cases. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA] statement was followed. Methods Electronic databases (Proquest, Medline, Embase, Pubmed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, and Nature) were searched from 1 December 2020 to 31 May 2021 in the English language using the following keywords alone or in combination: anaphylaxis, non-anaphylaxis, anaphylactic reaction, nonanaphylactic reaction, anaphylactic/anaphylactoid shock, hypersensitivity, allergy reaction, allergic reaction, immunology reaction, immunologic reaction, angioedema, loss of consciousness, generalized erythema, urticaria, urticarial rash, cyanosis, grunting, stridor, tachypnoea, wheezing, tachycardia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and tryptase. We included studies in adults of all ages in all healthcare settings. Effect sizes of prevalence were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To minimize heterogeneity, we performed sub-group analyses. Results Of the 1,734 papers that were identified, 26 articles were included in the systematic review (8 case report, 5 cohort, 4 case series, 2 randomized controlled trial and 1 randomized cross-sectional studies) and 14 articles (1 cohort, 2 case series, 1 randomized controlled trial and 1 randomized cross-sectional studies) were included in meta-analysis. Studies involving 26,337,421 vaccine recipients [Pfizer-BioNTech (n = 14,505,399) and Moderna (n = 11,831,488)] were analyzed. The overall pooled prevalence estimate of anaphylaxis to both vaccines was 5.0 (95% CI 2.9 to 7.2, I2 = 81%, p = < 0.0001), while the overall pooled prevalence estimate of nonanaphylactic reactions to both vaccines was 53.9 (95% CI 0.0 to 116.1, I2 = 99%, p = < 0.0001). Vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech resulted in higher anaphylactic reactions compared to Moderna (8.0, 95% CI 0.0 to 11.3, I2 = 85% versus 2.8, 95% CI 0.0 to 5.7, I2 = 59%). However, lower incidence of nonanaphylactic reactions was associated with Pfizer-BioNTech compared to Moderna (43.9, 95% CI 0.0 to 131.9, I2 = 99% versus 63.8, 95% CI 0.0 to 151.8, I2 = 98%). The funnel plots for possible publication bias for the pooled effect sizes to determine the incidence of anaphylaxis and nonanaphylactic reactions associated with mRNA COVID-19 immunization based on mRNA vaccine type appeared asymmetrical on visual inspection, and Egger’s tests confirmed asymmetry by producing p values < 0.05. Across the included studies, the most commonly identified risk factors for anaphylactic and nonanaphylactic reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were female sex and personal history of atopy. The key triggers to anaphylactic and nonanaphylactic reactions identified in these studies included foods, medications, stinging insects or jellyfish, contrast media, cosmetics and detergents, household products, and latex. Previous history of anaphylaxis; and comorbidities such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic and contact eczema/dermatitis and psoriasis and cholinergic urticaria were also found to be important. Conclusion The prevalence of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-associated anaphylaxis is very low; and nonanaphylactic reactions occur at higher rate, however, cutaneous reactions are largely self-limited. Both anaphylactic and nonanaphylactic reactions should not discourage vaccination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaphylactic and nonanaphylactic reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Alhumaid

Mutair

Alawi

et al. 2021

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol

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“…The sudden surge of COVID-19 cases in India in 2021 and the devastating second wave corresponds with prevalence of B.1.617.2 (aka Delta variant) and its sub-lineages most significantly A Y.4/AY.x (17). I ncreased i ncidences of Delta could be linked to its high transmissibility, ability to evade immune responses within human body and diagnostic detection failure (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their role in pathogenesis focusing on second wave of COVID-19 in India

Sarkar

Banerjee

Saha

et al. 2022

Preprint

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India had witnessed unprecedented surge in SARS-CoV-2 infections and its dire consequences during the second wave of COVID-19, but the detailed report of the epidemiological based spatiotemporal incidences of the disease is missing. Here in, we have applied various statistical methods like correlation, hierarchical clustering to know the pattern of pathogenesis of the circulating VoCs. B.1.617.1 (Kappa) was the predominant VoC during the early phase of second wave. Delta (B.1.617.2) or Delta-like (AY.x) VoC constitutes majority (>90.17) of the cases during the peak of second wave. The correlation plot showed Delta/Delta-like lineage is inversely correlated with other lineages including B.1.617.1 (kappa), B.1.1.7, B.1, B.1.36.29 and B.1.36. Delta/Delta-like surge coincided with second wave whereas all other lineages (B.1.617.1, B.1.36.29, etc.) occurred during the prior phase of the second wave. The spatiotemporal analysis showed that most of the Indian states were affected during the peak of the second wave due to delta surge and fall under the same cluster. The second cluster populated mostly by north-eastern states and islands of India were minimally affected. The presence of signature mutations (T478K, D950N, E156G) along with L452K, D614G and P681R within the spike protein of Delta or Delta-like might cause elevation in host cell attachment, increased transmission and altered antigenicity which in due course of time has replaced the other circulating variants.. The timely assessment of new VoCs will provide a rationale for updating the diagnostic, vaccine development by medical industries and decision making by various agencies including government, educational institutions, and corporate industries.

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“…6 This variant of concern delta was first identified in India with the evidence of possessing higher transmissibility, and alarmingly more severe disease outcomes (e.g., increased rate of hospitalizations and deaths). 7 In the meantime, a new variant of concern omicron (B.1.1.529) has been reported from South Africa in November and rapidly transmitted in at least 57 countries of the world as of December 9. [8][9][10] Till now, two cases of omicron have been reported from Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of the dominating Beta, V2 variant carrying vaccinated (Oxford−AstraZeneca) and nonvaccinated COVID‐19 patient samples in Bangladesh: A metagenomics and whole‐genome approach

Rahaman

Sarkar

Rahman³

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Bangladesh is experiencing a second wave of COVID-19 since March 2021, despite the nationwide vaccination drive with ChAdOx1 (Oxford−AstraZeneca) vaccine from early February 2021. Here, we characterized 19 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples from COVID-19 suspect patients using genomic and metagenomic approaches. Screening for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and metagenomic sequencing revealed 17 samples of COVID-19 positive (vaccinated = 10, nonvaccinated = 7) and 2 samples of COVID-19 negative. We did not find any significant correlation between associated factors including vaccination status, age or sex of the patients, diversity or abundance of the coinfected organisms/pathogens, and the abundance of SARS-CoV-2. Though the first wave of the pandemic was dominated by clade 20B, Beta, V2 (South African variant) dominated the second wave (January 2021 to May 2021), while the third wave (May 2021 to September 2021) was responsible for Delta variants of the epidemic in Bangladesh including both vaccinated and unvaccinated infections. Noteworthily, the receptor binding domain (RBD) region of S protein of all the isolates harbored similar substitutions including K417N, E484K, and N501Y that signify the Beta, while D614G, D215G, D80A, A67V, L18F, and A701V substitutions were commonly found in the non-RBD region of Spike proteins. ORF7b and ORF3a genes underwent a positive selection (dN/dS ratio 1.77 and 1.24, respectively), while the overall S protein of the Bangladeshi SARS-CoV-2 isolates underwent negative selection pressure (dN/dS = 0.621). Furthermore, we found different bacterial coinfections like Streptococcus agalactiae, Neisseria meningitidis, Elizabethkingia anophelis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, expressing a number of antibiotic resistance genes such as tetA and tetM. Overall, this approach provides

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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (B.1.617.2) in surging second wave of COVID-19 and efficacy of vaccines in tackling the ongoing pandemic

Cited by 58 publications

References 2 publications

Anaphylactic and nonanaphylactic reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Anaphylactic and nonanaphylactic reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Genome surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their role in pathogenesis focusing on second wave of COVID-19 in India

Genomic characterization of the dominating Beta, V2 variant carrying vaccinated (Oxford−AstraZeneca) and nonvaccinated COVID‐19 patient samples in Bangladesh: A metagenomics and whole‐genome approach

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