Impact of rotavirus vaccine on all-cause diarrhea and rotavirus hospitalizations in Madagascar

Rahajamanana, Vonintsoa Lalaina; Raboba, Julia Liliane; Rakotozanany, Ando; Razafindraibe, N. J.; Andriatahirintsoa, Emilson Jean P R; Razafindrakoto, Ainamalala C; Mioramalala, S. A.; Razaiarimanga, C.; Weldegebriel, Goitom; Burnett, Eleanor; Mwenda, Jason M.; Seheri, Mapaseka; Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey; Robinson, Annick

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.091

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There might be several reasons, such as different patient categories (outpatient or inpatients), different de nitions of gastroenteritis, selection of suspected cases, types of the sample tested (serum, plasma, or feces), the standard for valid sample, and types of diagnostic reagent (ELISA or RT-PCR). Compared with the studies in other countries after 2010, the RVA-positive rate in our study was lower than Indonesia [22], Pakistan [23], Thailand [24], Turkey [25], and higher than Madagascar [26].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Group A Rotavirus Circulating in Shanxi Province, China During 2015-2019

Zhao

Shi

Meng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Group A rotavirus (RVA), despite being a leading cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children, is less studied in Shanxi Province, China. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence and genetic characterization of RVA in hospitalized children under ten years old with the diagnosis of gastroenteritis in Shanxi Province, China. Methods: A hospital-based active surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis was conducted at Children’s Hospital of Shanxi from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2019. Rotavirus was detected in stool samples by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). G and P genotypes were determined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. Results：A total of 961 archived stool specimens was examined, 183 (19.0%) were positive for RVA. The highest RVA-infection frequency (23.7%) was found among children aged 12–23 months, and the seasonal peak was in December. G9P[8] was most prevalent (76.0%), followed by G3P[8] (7.1 %), G2P[4] (3.3 %), G1P[8] (0.5 %) and G9P[4] (0.5 %).Conclusions: These results reported for the first time that RVA was one of the main causes of severe infectious gastroenteritis in children, and a high proportion of G9P[8] strains circulating in most areas of Shanxi Province. While the protective efficacy of the rotavirus vaccines has been demonstrated against G9P[8] strains, our results highlight that the dominant strains have not been effectively controlled in China.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Group A Rotavirus Circulating in Shanxi Province, China During 2015-2019

Zhao

Shi

Meng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The shift in the predominant genotypes pre- and post-vaccine introduction from G1P[8] to G2P[4] in 2016 and G3P[8] in 2019 in our setting has also been described elsewhere, e.g., in Belgium, Madagascar and Ethiopia [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. G3P[8] was the predominant genotype in this setting in 2018 [ 19 ] and it continued being the dominant genotype in 2019.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Epidemiological Trends of Five Common Diarrhea-Associated Enteric Viruses Pre- and Post-Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Coastal Kenya

et al. 2020

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Using real-time RT-PCR, we screened stool samples from children aged <5 years presenting with diarrhea and admitted to Kilifi County Hospital, coastal Kenya, pre- (2003 and 2013) and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction (2016 and 2019) for five viruses, namely rotavirus group A (RVA), norovirus GII, adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus. Of the 984 samples analyzed, at least one virus was detected in 401 (40.8%) patients. Post rotavirus vaccine introduction, the prevalence of RVA decreased (23.3% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.001) while that of norovirus GII increased (6.6% vs. 10.9%, p = 0.023). The prevalence of adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus remained statistically unchanged between the two periods: 9.9% vs. 14.2%, 2.4% vs. 3.2 %, 4.6% vs. 2.6%, (p = 0.053, 0.585 and 0.133), respectively. The median age of diarrhea cases was higher post vaccine introduction (12.5 months, interquartile range (IQR): 7.9–21 vs. 11.2 months pre-introduction, IQR: 6.8–16.5, p < 0.001). In this setting, RVA and adenovirus cases peaked in the dry months while norovirus GII and sapovirus peaked in the rainy season. Astrovirus did not display clear seasonality. In conclusion, following rotavirus vaccine introduction, we found a significant reduction in the prevalence of RVA in coastal Kenya but an increase in norovirus GII prevalence in hospitalized children.

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“…Predominance of G2P [4] and G3P [8] has been reported worldwide following universal Rotarix vaccine introduction. For instance, G2P [4] was observed in Australia [35] (in states using Rotarix) and Belgium [36] after vaccine introduction, while data from Ethiopia [37] and Madagascar [38] depicted an increase in prevalence of G3P [8] in post-vaccine introduction period. Studies on the G3P [8] have revealed the emergence and spread of strains of equine-like G3 genotype co-circulating with wild-type G3 strains [39][40][41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus group A genotype circulation patterns across Kenya before and after nationwide vaccine introduction, 2010–2018

et al. 2020

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Background: Kenya introduced the monovalent G1P [8] Rotarix® vaccine into the infant immunization schedule in July 2014. We examined trends in rotavirus group A (RVA) genotype distribution pre-(January 2010-June 2014) and post-(July 2014-December 2018) RVA vaccine introduction. Methods: Stool samples were collected from children aged < 13 years from four surveillance sites across Kenya: Kilifi County Hospital, Tabitha Clinic Nairobi, Lwak Mission Hospital, and Siaya County Referral Hospital (children aged < 5 years only). Samples were screened for RVA using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and VP7 and VP4 genes sequenced to infer genotypes. Results: We genotyped 614 samples in pre-vaccine and 261 in post-vaccine introduction periods. During the prevaccine introduction period, the most frequent RVA genotypes were G1P [8] (45.8%), G8P [4] (15.8%), G9P [8] (13.2%), G2P [4] (7.0%) and G3P [6] (3.1%). In the post-vaccine introduction period, the most frequent genotypes were G1P [8] (52.1%), G2P [4] (20.7%) and G3P [8] (16.1%). Predominant genotypes varied by year and site in both pre and post-vaccine periods. Temporal genotype patterns showed an increase in prevalence of vaccine heterotypic genotypes, such as the commonly DS-1-like G2P [4] (7.0 to 20.7%, P < .001) and G3P [8] (1.3 to 16.1%, P < .001) genotypes in the post-vaccine introduction period. Additionally, we observed a decline in prevalence of genotypes G8P [4] (15.8 to 0.4%, P < .001) and G9P [8] (13.2 to 5.4%, P < .001) in the post-vaccine introduction period. Phylogenetic analysis of genotype G1P [8], revealed circulation of strains of lineages G1-I, G1-II and P [8]-1, P [8]-III and P [8]-IV. Considerable genetic diversity was observed between the pre and post-vaccine strains, evidenced by distinct clusters.

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Impact of rotavirus vaccine on all-cause diarrhea and rotavirus hospitalizations in Madagascar

Abstract: Following rotavirus vaccine introduction all-cause diarrhea and rotavirus-specific hospitalizations declined dramatically. The most common genotypes detected in the pre-vaccine period were G3P[8] and G2P[4] in 2015, the post vaccine period.

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Group A Rotavirus Circulating in Shanxi Province, China During 2015-2019

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Group A Rotavirus Circulating in Shanxi Province, China During 2015-2019

Epidemiological Trends of Five Common Diarrhea-Associated Enteric Viruses Pre- and Post-Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Coastal Kenya

Rotavirus group A genotype circulation patterns across Kenya before and after nationwide vaccine introduction, 2010–2018

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