Impact of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus hospitalisation rates among a resource‐limited rural population in Mbita, Western Kenya

Wandera, Ernest Apondi; Shah, Mitul; Bundi, Martin; Nyangao, James; Galata, Amina; Kathiiko, Cyrus; Odoyo, Erick; Guyo, Sora; Miringu, Gabriel; Komoto, Satoshi; Ichinose, Yuki

doi:10.1111/tmi.13040

Cited by 14 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Strain G9P[8] circulated in moderate proportions, and was observed in all the years except in 2013. Strain G2P [4] which was observed in low frequency in phase I (1.1%), was seen to increase in proportions in years 2010 (12%) and 2012 (23%). The rare strains, G1P [6], G2P[8] G8P [6] and G9P [6] were only observed in phase I, while the rare strains G3P [4,6], G12P [4,6,8], G10P[8] and G8P[14] were observed only in phase II.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…G1P[8] predominated in all the years of phase I, while in phase II, this strain was dominant only in 2011 and 2013 ( Figure 1A, B). Whilst strain G8P [4] was observed in low frequency in the whole of phase I, it was observed as the most common strain in 2010 (46%) and 2012 (40%). Strain G9P[8] circulated in moderate proportions, and was observed in all the years except in 2013.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RVA genotypes in the study populations The G genotypes identified in patients admitted at the KCH were G1-G3, G8-G10, G12, G29, while the P genotypes were P [4], P [6], P[8] and P[14] genotypes. Overall, G1P[8] was the dominant strain at 51% followed by G9P[8] (15%), G8P [4] (14%) and G2P [4] (5%) as shown in Table 2 and Supplementary Figure 1. Strains G1P [4], G2P[8], G3P [4,6,8], G8P [6,8,14], G9P [4,6], G12P [4,6,8] were also detected, albeit in low frequency (<5%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a scenario was observed in Japan where, a G8P[8] RVA strain appeared to emerge and caused acute gastroenteritis disease in up to 66% (53/80) of children attending a pediatric clinic 10 . Similarly, the predominance of non-vaccine type G2P [4] strains was observed in Rotarix® vaccinated populations of Belgium 11 and Brazil 12 , raising concerns of the effect of the vaccine on circulating non-vaccine strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to 36 different G and 51 P RVA genotypes have been identified worldwide in humans and animals 15 . Globally, G1P[8], G2P [4], G3P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8] (in decreasing order) have been identified as the most common genotypes causing disease in children, although their distribution can vary considerably from region to region and from one season to the next 16,17 . While these genotypes are similarly dominant in Africa 18 , understanding of their local natural seasonal fluctuations and intra-genotype diversity in the pre-vaccine introduction era is incomplete despite importance to vaccine impact evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of rotavirus group A strains circulating prior to vaccine introduction in rural coastal Kenya, 2002-2013

Owor¹,

Mwanga²,

Njeru³

et al. 2018

Wellcome Open Res

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Background: Kenya introduced the monovalent Rotarix® rotavirus group A (RVA) vaccine nationally in mid-2014. Long-term surveillance data is important prior to wide-scale vaccine use to assess the impact on disease and to investigate the occurrence of heterotypic strains arising through immune selection. This report presents baseline data on RVA genotype circulation patterns and intra-genotype genetic diversity over a 7-year period in the pre-vaccine era in Kilifi, Kenya, from 2002 to 2004 and from 2010 to 2013. Methods: A total of 745 RVA strains identified in children admitted with acute gastroenteritis to a referral hospital in Coastal Kenya, were sequenced using the di-deoxy sequencing method in the VP4 and VP7 genomic segments (encoding P and G proteins, respectively). Sequencing successfully generated 569 (76%) and 572 (77%) consensus sequences for the VP4 and VP7 genes respectively. G and P genotypes were determined by use of BLAST and the online RotaC v2 RVA classification tool. Results: The most common GP combination was G1P[8] (51%), similar to the Rotarix® strain, followed by G9P[8] (15%) , G8P[4] (14%) and G2P[4] (5%). Unusual GP combinations—G1P[4], G2P[8], G3P[4,6], G8P[8,14], and G12P[4,6,8]—were observed at frequencies of <5%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the infections were caused by both locally persistent strains as evidenced by divergence of local strains occurring over multiple seasons from the global ones, and newly introduced strains, which were closely related to global strains. The circulating RVA diversity showed temporal fluctuations both season by season and over the longer-term. None of the unusual strains increased in frequency over the observation period. Conclusions: The circulating RVA diversity showed temporal fluctuations with several unusual strains recorded, which rarely caused major outbreaks. These data will be useful in interpreting genotype patterns observed in the region during the vaccine era.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Molecular characterization of rotavirus group A strains circulating prior to vaccine introduction in rural coastal Kenya, 2002-2013

Owor¹,

Mwanga²,

Njeru³

et al. 2018

Wellcome Open Res

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Genomic characterization of an African G4P[6] human rotavirus strain identified in a diarrheic child in Kenya: Evidence for porcine-to-human interspecies transmission and reassortment

Wandera

Hatazawa

Tsutsui

et al. 2021

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Influence of vaccination status and clinical, seasonal and sociodemographic factors on rotavirus prevalence in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Asowata

Ashiru

Mahomed

et al. 2018

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Human rotavirus infection is the leading cause of diarrhoea in infants and young children worldwide. In South Africa, diarrhoea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in children less than five years old, and before the vaccine was introduced rotavirus had been reported as causing one-third of all diarrhoeal related hospital admissions. This study assessed factors influencing the prevalence of rotavirus in children aged five years and under in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa between June 2014 and June 2015. In addition, genotypes of the rotaviruses were determined. A stool specimen was collected from children presenting with diarrhoea to a regional hospital. Clinical, vaccination status, seasonal and sociodemographic information was collected using a structured questionnaire. ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) was performed to detect rotavirus antigen in the stool. Rotavirus from selected positives specimens were genotyped using RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). The data were analysed using SPSS. In total, 365 stool specimens were collected. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 83 (23%) patients. The prevalence of rotavirus was not affected by vaccination status (p = 0.3; OR 1.5; CI 0.7-3.1), HIV status (p = 0.2; OR 0.6; CI 0.2-1.5), breastfeeding (p = 0.9; OR 1.1; CI 0.5-2.5) and administration of anti-helminth treatment (p = 0.6; OR 0.8; CI 0.3-1.9). The highest rotavirus prevalence was observed in the winter season (p < 0.001; OR 43.3; CI 14.9-125.0). The G9P [8] was the most prevalent genotype (21%) followed by G9P[4] (14%). Rotavirus remains a major contributor to childhood diarrhoeal aetiology and hospitalisation in KwaZulu-Natal. Further investigation is needed to better understand the key drivers of rotavirus infection despite a successful vaccination programme in South Africa.

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Impact of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus hospitalisation rates among a resource‐limited rural population in Mbita, Western Kenya

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Molecular characterization of rotavirus group A strains circulating prior to vaccine introduction in rural coastal Kenya, 2002-2013

Molecular characterization of rotavirus group A strains circulating prior to vaccine introduction in rural coastal Kenya, 2002-2013

Genomic characterization of an African G4P[6] human rotavirus strain identified in a diarrheic child in Kenya: Evidence for porcine-to-human interspecies transmission and reassortment

Influence of vaccination status and clinical, seasonal and sociodemographic factors on rotavirus prevalence in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

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