Impact of root fragment dimension, weight, burial depth, and water regime on Cirsium arvense emergence and growth

Sciegienka, Joanna K.; Keren, Elai N.; Menalled, Fabián D.

doi:10.4141/cjps2011-059

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Therefore, these species pose a great risk concerning effective mechanical weed control, and special attention should be directed towards them throughout the year with suitable farm management strategies. The regenerative ability of C. arvense has been addressed by several studies [30][31][32]. One approach suggests the cutting of C. arvense below the soil surface with goosefoot sweeps [33,34] to prevent larger root parts from dispersing across the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment of Weed Hoeing to Narrowly Spaced Cereals

et al. 2018

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Weed hoeing can be successfully performed in wide row crops, such as sugar beet, maize, soybean and wide spaced cereals. However, little experience is available for hoeing in narrow cereal row spaces below 200 mm. Yet, mechanical weed control can pose an alternative to herbicide applications by reducing the herbicide resistant populations present in the field. In this experiment, it was investigated whether hoeing is feasible in cereals with 150 and 125 mm row spacings. The trial was set up at two locations (Ihinger Hof and Kleinhohenheim) in southwest Germany. Three different conventional hoeing sweeps, a goosefoot sweep, a no-till sweep and a down-cut side knife were adjusted to the small row widths, and hoeing was performed once with a tractor and a standard hoeing frame which was guided by a second human operator. The average grain yield, crop and weed biomass, and weed control efficacy of each treatment were recorded. The goosefoot and no-till sweep were tested at driving speeds of 4 and 6 km·h −1 . The down-cut side knife was applied at 4 km·h −1 . The results indicate that hoeing caused no yield decrease in comparison to a conventional herbicide application or manual weeding. The highest yield with a mechanical treatment was recorded for the no-till sweeps at both trial locations. Hoeing was performed successfully in narrowly spaced cereals of 150 and 125 mm, and the weed control efficacy of the mechanical treatments ranged from 50.9% at Kleinhohenheim to 89.1% at Ihinger Hof. Future experiments are going to focus on more distinct driving speeds ranging from 2 to 10 km·h −1 and performing more than one pass with the hoe. Additionally, combining the mechanical weeding tools with a camera-steered hoeing frame could increase accuracy, allow for higher working speeds and substitute the second human operator guiding the hoe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment of Weed Hoeing to Narrowly Spaced Cereals

et al. 2018

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“…However, in established stands of perennials weeds, a significant proportion of the roots occurs below soil horizons impacted by tillage, rendering mechanical practices ineffective unless applied frequently (i.e., every 2-3 weeks) [40]. Worse, resulting root fragments are capable of producing new vigorous independent plants [41]. Researchers and organic producers have explored approaches to manage field bindweed and Canada thistle without synthetic herbicides over many decades, but there is no clear consensus on the best management practices.…”

Section: The Failed Marriage Between No Tillage and Organic Agricultumentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Agriculture and the Quest for the Holy Grail in Water-Limited Ecosystems: Managing Weeds and Reducing Tillage Intensity

Lehnhoff

Miller

et al. 2017

Agriculture

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Organic agricultural production has become a major economic and cultural force. However, in water-limited environments the tools used for weed control and nutrient supply, namely tillage and cover crops, may not be environmentally or economically sustainable as tillage damages soil and cover crops use valuable water. Thus, a major challenge has been finding appropriate ways to minimize tillage and terminate cover crops while still controlling weeds and obtaining cover crop ecosystem services. One approach to achieve this is through the economically viable integration of crop and livestock enterprises to manage weeds and terminate cover crops. In this article we (1) review research needs and knowledge gaps in organic agriculture with special focus on water-limited environments; (2) summarize research aimed at developing no-till and reduced tillage in organic settings; (3) assess approaches to integrate crop and livestock production in organic systems; and (4) present initial results from a project assessing the agronomic and weed management challenges of integrated crop-livestock organic systems aimed at reducing tillage intensity in a water-limited environment. The goal of eliminating tillage in water-limited environments remains elusive, and more research is needed to successfully integrate tactics, such as cover crops and livestock grazing to increase organic farm sustainability.

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“…One thousand gram of plant tissue were placed in 6 L Clevenger-type distillation apparatuses and distilled for 5 h in 3 L of pure water. The quantities of plant oils obtained at the end of distillation were measured in mL and ratios (% w/w) were determined by multiplying oil content with oil density (i.e., 0.858 g.cm 3 ). All the essential oil samples were dried over hydrous sodium sulphate, and stored at 4 o C until GC and GC-MS analysis.…”

Section: Essential Oil Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cirsium arvense is an erect, rhizomatous perennial thistle that is usually 0.5-1.0 m tall and changes its morphology in response to environmental conditions [6]. The species is invasive in prairies and other grasslands in the Midwest and Great Plains, as well as in riparian areas in the intermountain west, and is particularly troublesome in the northwest and north-central states of the USA [2,3]. The use of plants for treating ailments dates back several centuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plant is also used as food and for its medicinal properties. Extracts of Cirsium arvense produce a variety of pharmacological effects, including the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis [2][3][4][5]. Cirsium arvense is an erect, rhizomatous perennial thistle that is usually 0.5-1.0 m tall and changes its morphology in response to environmental conditions [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential Oil Composition of Cirsium arvense L. Produced in Different Climate and Soil Properties

Amiri¹,

Yadegari²,

Hamedi³

2018

Rec.Nat.Prod.

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This study investigated the quantitative and qualitative effects of climate and soil properties on essential oil content and composition of Cirsium arvense L. (Asteraceae), which is an important medicinal plant. Root, stem, and leaf tissues were collected from plants found in four regions (Shahrekord, Farsan, Chelgerd and Ardal) of the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. GC/MS analysis revealed that the main constituents of essential oils from the various populations were nonadecane, β-citronellol, camphor, heneicosane and phytol. The highest levels of nonadecane (40.1-42%) and camphor (18.1-18.4%) were obtained from roots collected from the Chelgerd region, the most levels of β-citronellol (24.9-25.01%) were obtained from leaves from the Chelgerd region, and the most levels of heneicosane (14.4-15.6%) and phytol (11.8-12.58%) were obtained from stems from the Shahrekord region. The most amount of essential oil (0.34-0.33%) was obtained from roots growing in clay soil in the Chelgerd region. Both climate and soil properties had significant effects on the essential oil of C. arvense. The highestt essential oil contents were obtained from plants growing in clay soil, which seemed to have a greater capacity to hold water and nutrients, both of which promote plant growth and essential oil production.

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Impact of root fragment dimension, weight, burial depth, and water regime on Cirsium arvense emergence and growth

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Adjustment of Weed Hoeing to Narrowly Spaced Cereals

Adjustment of Weed Hoeing to Narrowly Spaced Cereals

Organic Agriculture and the Quest for the Holy Grail in Water-Limited Ecosystems: Managing Weeds and Reducing Tillage Intensity

Essential Oil Composition of Cirsium arvense L. Produced in Different Climate and Soil Properties

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