Impact of rhinoviruses on pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

Abstract

This study of 592 children seen in our Emergency Department with radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was designed to evaluate the role of rhinoviruses (RVs) in the disease. The respiratory secretions of each child were assayed using RVP Fast in order to detect 17 respiratory viruses, and the RV-positive samples were characterised by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. RVs were identified in 172 cases (29.0%): 48/132 children aged<1 year (36.3%), 80/293 aged 1-3 years (27.3%), and 44/167 aged≥4 years (26.3%). Sequencing demonstrated that 82 RVs (49.1%) were group A, 17 (10.1%) group B, and 52 (31.1%) group C; 21 (12.2%) were untyped. RVs were found as single agents in 99 cases, and together with two or more other viruses in 73 (40.7%). There were only marginal differences between the different RV groups and between single RV infection and RV co-infections. RV CAP is frequent not only in younger but also in older children, and RV-A is the most common strain associated with it. The clinical relevance of RV CAP seems to be mild to moderate without any major differences between the A and B strains and the recently identified RV C.

Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses: Molecular Epidemiology of the Most Influenza-Like Illness Associated Viruses in Senegal

“…Despite the low number of HRV strains studied, these results are in line with those published in studies from other areas (Europe, North America, and east Asia), and all show similar HRV distributions. [30][31][32][33][34][35] Overall, different genotypes of RV appear to circulate simultaneously within a given period and geographic area with predominance of types A and C. 22,36,37 Among HEVs characterized herein, CBV (B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5) were predominant (45/53). The temporal distribution of these strains suggests a predominant circulating strain of CBV that can change from one year to another.…”

Human Rhinovirus Infection in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

“…The RVP Fast assay simultaneously detects influenza A virus (subtypes H1 or H3); influenza B virus; RSV-A and -B; parainflunza virus-1, -2, -3, and -4; adenovirus; human metapneumovirus; coronaviruses 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1; enterovirus/RV; and human bocavirus (7).…”

“…The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was performed using the iAg-Path-ID One-Step RT-PCR Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), and the primers and probe sequences employed have been previously described (7,8). The PCR products were purified using the Wizard SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System (Promega, Milan, Italy), and the purified products were sequenced in both the directions using the same forward and reverse primers as those used in PCR.…”

Pneumococcal Bacterial Load Colonization as a Marker of Mixed Infection in Children With Alveolar Community-acquired Pneumonia and Respiratory Syncytial Virus or Rhinovirus Infection

“…[6][7][8] The real significance of alveolar involvement in these cases has not yet been established because it is not known whether viruses can per se cause such lung alterations (albeit rarely) or whether the finding is mainly due to a bacterial/viral coinfection in which bacteria play the major role in causing alveolar damage. [6][7][8] The real significance of alveolar involvement in these cases has not yet been established because it is not known whether viruses can per se cause such lung alterations (albeit rarely) or whether the finding is mainly due to a bacterial/viral coinfection in which bacteria play the major role in causing alveolar damage.…”