Impact of rhinovirus on hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study.

Scottá, Marcelo Comerlato; Kern, Luciane Beatriz; Polese-Bonatto, Márcia; Azevedo, Thaís Raupp; Varela, Fernanda Hammes; Zavaglia, Gabriela Oliveira; Fernandes, Ingrid Rodrigues; David, Caroline Nespolo de; Fazolo, Tiago; Costa, Maria Suêuda; Carvalho, Felipe Cotrim de; Sartor, Ivaine Taís Sauthier; Zavascki, Alexandre Prehn; Stein, Renato T.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105197

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…During the COVID-19 pandemic, the control measures adopted by mainland China included blocking communities, traffic control, restricting entry and exit, and working at home [ 10 , 20 , 36 ]. These non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can help people maintain sufficient social distance to block the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [ 31 ]. Studies have shown that NPIs applied during the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on other diseases as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate and long-term changes in the epidemiology, infection spectrum, and clinical characteristics of viral and bacterial respiratory infections in Western China after the COVID-19 outbreak: a modeling study

et al. 2023

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Background The impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and infection spectrum of viral and bacterial respiratory infections in Western China is unknown. Methods We conducted an interrupted time series analysis based on surveillance of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Western China to supplement the available data. Results The positive rates of influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae , and viral and bacterial coinfections decreased, but parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human adenovirus, human rhinovirus, human bocavirus, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections increased after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. The positive rate for viral infection in outpatients and children aged <5 years increased, but the positive rates of bacterial infection and viral and bacterial coinfections decreased, and the proportion patients with clinical symptoms of ARI decreased after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. Non-pharmacological interventions reduced the positive rates of viral and bacterial infections in the short term but did not have a long-term limiting effect. Moreover, the proportion of ARI patients with severe clinical symptoms (dyspnea and pleural effusion) increased in the short term after COVID-19, but in the long-term, it decreased. Conclusions The epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and infection spectrum of viral and bacterial infections in Western China have changed, and children will be a high-risk group for ARI after the COVID-19 epidemic. In addition, the reluctance of ARI patients with mild clinical symptoms to seek medical care after COVID-19 should be considered. In the post-COVID-19 era, we need to strengthen the surveillance of respiratory pathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate and long-term changes in the epidemiology, infection spectrum, and clinical characteristics of viral and bacterial respiratory infections in Western China after the COVID-19 outbreak: a modeling study

et al. 2023

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Viral coinfection in hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: a retrospective cohort study

Rhoden,

Hoffmann,

Stein

et al. 2024

Respir Res

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Purpose Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, different strategies have been followed to combat the pandemic and limit virus transmission. In the meantime, other respiratory viruses continued to circulate, though at decreased rates. Methods This study was conducted between June and July 2022, in a hospital in the metropolitan region of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the southernmost state of Brazil. The 337 hospitalized patients included those with respiratory symptoms without delimitation of age. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected 15 different respiratory viruses and confirmed coinfections in the samples. Different statistical tests were applied to evaluate the association between associations of clinical characteristics and coinfection. Results Sampling corresponds to 337 selected and 330 patients analyzed. The principal clinical outcome found was hospital discharge in 309 (94%) cases, while 21 (6%) resulted in death. The principal viral agents related to coinfections were Human rhinovirus, Human enterovirus, and Respiratory syncytial virus. The most frequent viral agent detected was SARS-CoV-2, with 60 (18%) infections, followed by 51 (15%) cases of Respiratory syncytial virus B (15%) and 44 (13%) cases of Human rhinovirus 1. Coinfection was mainly observed in children, while adults and the elderly were more affected by a single infection. Analyzing COVID-19 vaccination, 175 (53%) were unvaccinated while the remainder had at least one dose of the vaccine. Conclusions This study presents information to update the understanding of viral circulation in the region. Furthermore, the findings clarify the behavior of viral infections and possible coinfections in hospitalized patients, considering different ages and clinical profiles. In addition, this knowledge can help to monitor the population’s clinical manifestations and prevent future outbreaks of respiratory viruses.

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Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors

Zsichla

Müller

2023

Viruses

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The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease and death. Understanding the risk factors of severe COVID-19 is relevant both in the clinical setting and at the epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview of host, viral and environmental factors that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized to be associated with severe clinical outcomes. The factors considered in detail include the age and frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- and superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, and lifestyle of the patient; viral genetic variation and infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; and air pollution. For each category, we compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for the association of the factor with COVID-19 outcomes (including the strength of the effect) and outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss the complex interactions between the various risk factors.

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Impact of rhinovirus on hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study.

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Immediate and long-term changes in the epidemiology, infection spectrum, and clinical characteristics of viral and bacterial respiratory infections in Western China after the COVID-19 outbreak: a modeling study

Immediate and long-term changes in the epidemiology, infection spectrum, and clinical characteristics of viral and bacterial respiratory infections in Western China after the COVID-19 outbreak: a modeling study

Viral coinfection in hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: a retrospective cohort study

Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors

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