Abstract:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative condition whose manifestation and clinical evolution can present themselves in very different ways. Analogously, its treatment has to be personalized and the patient's response may be idiosyncratic. At this moment there is no cure for it, in addition to its clinical course sometimes being torpid, with a poor response to any treatment. However, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has demonstrated its usefulness as a non-invasive therapeutic tool for the treatme… Show more
“…Therefore, the search for new treatments is particularly important, and TMS is an additional way to treat MS. TMS has outstanding features compared with the existing drug treatment methods in many aspects, especially with fewer side effects. What is more, its safety has been confirmed by many related studies (16,27). Thus, TMS is thought to be a promising new method for the treatment of MS.…”
Section: Treatment Of Tms In Msmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…At the same time, it can inhibit the apoptosis pathway of mitochondria, reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells, and play a neuroprotective role ( 41 ). Aguera et al presented the case of a woman diagnosed with MS more than a decade earlier and who was not responding to conventional medications ( 27 ). In view of this, they decided to try a treatment with rTMS for 1 year.…”
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common chronic, autoimmune-mediated inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The treatment of MS has enormous progress with disease-modifying drugs, but the complexity of the disease course and the clinical symptoms of MS requires personalized treatment and disease management, including non-pharmacological treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a painless and non-invasive brain stimulation technique, which has been widely used in neurological diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on the progress of physiological assessment and treatment of TMS in MS.
“…Therefore, the search for new treatments is particularly important, and TMS is an additional way to treat MS. TMS has outstanding features compared with the existing drug treatment methods in many aspects, especially with fewer side effects. What is more, its safety has been confirmed by many related studies (16,27). Thus, TMS is thought to be a promising new method for the treatment of MS.…”
Section: Treatment Of Tms In Msmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…At the same time, it can inhibit the apoptosis pathway of mitochondria, reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells, and play a neuroprotective role ( 41 ). Aguera et al presented the case of a woman diagnosed with MS more than a decade earlier and who was not responding to conventional medications ( 27 ). In view of this, they decided to try a treatment with rTMS for 1 year.…”
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common chronic, autoimmune-mediated inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The treatment of MS has enormous progress with disease-modifying drugs, but the complexity of the disease course and the clinical symptoms of MS requires personalized treatment and disease management, including non-pharmacological treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a painless and non-invasive brain stimulation technique, which has been widely used in neurological diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on the progress of physiological assessment and treatment of TMS in MS.
“…Agüera et al ( 141 ) reported a case of RRMS (33 years, female) not responding to medications prescribed over 9 years and rapidly progressing disease. The patient benefited from rTMS which was prescribed as a compassionate treatment as no other treatment was producing any benefit.…”
Section: Tms In Multiple Sclerosismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The patient benefited from rTMS which was prescribed as a compassionate treatment as no other treatment was producing any benefit. Post rTMS, there was improvement in her neuropsychological functions and blood tests showed a reduction in oxidative stress after 4 months of treatment ( 141 ).…”
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has widespread use in research and clinical application. For psychiatric applications, such as depression or OCD, repetitive TMS protocols (rTMS) are an established and globally applied treatment option. While promising, rTMS is not yet as common in treating neurological diseases, except for neurorehabilitation after (motor) stroke and neuropathic pain treatment. This may soon change. New clinical studies testing the potential of rTMS in various other neurological conditions appear at a rapid pace. This can prove challenging for both practitioners and clinical researchers. Although most of these neurological applications have not yet received the same level of scientific/empirical scrutiny as motor stroke and neuropathic pain, the results are encouraging, opening new doors for TMS in neurology. We here review the latest clinical evidence for rTMS in pioneering neurological applications including movement disorders, Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and disorders of consciousness.
“…Interestingly, rTMS display its anti-oxidative effects in multiple brain diseases [ 223 , 224 ]. For example, multiple sclerosis patients who received long-term treatment with 1-Hz rTMS showed significant improvement in various levels of psychometric evaluation and blood analysis [ 225 ]. Notably, there is a marked reduction of oxidative stress in the plasma [ 225 ].…”
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases and the most common form of dementia. Characterized by the loss of learning, memory, problem-solving, language, and other thinking abilities, AD exerts a detrimental effect on both patients’ and families’ quality of life. Although there have been significant advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and progression of AD, there is no cure for AD. The failure of numerous molecular targeted pharmacologic clinical trials leads to an emerging research shift toward non-invasive therapies, especially multiple targeted non-invasive treatments. In this paper, we reviewed the advances of the most widely studied non-invasive therapies, including photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and exercise therapy. Firstly, we reviewed the pathological changes of AD and the challenges for AD studies. We then introduced these non-invasive therapies and discussed the factors that may affect the effects of these therapies. Additionally, we review the effects of these therapies and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Finally, we summarized the challenges of the non-invasive treatments in future AD studies and clinical applications. We concluded that it would be critical to understand the exact underlying mechanisms and find the optimal treatment parameters to improve the translational value of these non-invasive therapies. Moreover, the combined use of non-invasive treatments is also a promising research direction for future studies and sheds light on the future treatment or prevention of AD.
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