2020
DOI: 10.1007/s10694-020-01021-w
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Impact of Repeated Exposure and Cleaning on Protective Properties of Structural Firefighting Turnout Gear

Abstract: The US fire service has become acutely aware of the need to clean PPE after fires. However, there is concern that damage from repeated cleaning may impact critical protection from fireground risk. Using a protocol that included repeated simulated fireground exposures (between 0 cycles and 40 cycles) and/or repeated cleaning with techniques common in the fire service, we found that several important protective properties of NFPA 1971 compliant turnout gear are significantly changed. Outer shell and thermal line… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…Outer shell (Kevlar V R /Nomex V R ), moisture barrier (ePTFE film) and thermal liner (Kevlar V R /Lenzing FR V R face cloth with Nomex V R batting) were selected as among the most common options on the market at the time of production. Protective performance characteristics of this PPE ensemble have been reported previously (Horn, Kerber, Andrews, et al 2020). Total heat loss (THL) of the new composite material was 254 W/m 2 and thermal protective performance (TPP) was 44.0 cal/cm 2 , both of which exceed NFPA 1971 requirements (National Fire Protection Association 2018; 205 W/m 2 and 35.0 cal/cm 2 , respectively).…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 59%
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“…Outer shell (Kevlar V R /Nomex V R ), moisture barrier (ePTFE film) and thermal liner (Kevlar V R /Lenzing FR V R face cloth with Nomex V R batting) were selected as among the most common options on the market at the time of production. Protective performance characteristics of this PPE ensemble have been reported previously (Horn, Kerber, Andrews, et al 2020). Total heat loss (THL) of the new composite material was 254 W/m 2 and thermal protective performance (TPP) was 44.0 cal/cm 2 , both of which exceed NFPA 1971 requirements (National Fire Protection Association 2018; 205 W/m 2 and 35.0 cal/cm 2 , respectively).…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 59%
“…Firefighters participated in groups of three while wearing one of three different PPE configurations: New Knit Hood and PPE (K) -PPE and hoods were new for the first trial and laundered between each wear, with a maximum of 3 launderings prior to completion of the study New Particulate-Blocking Hood and PPE (B) -PPE and hoods were new for the first trial and laundered between each wear, with a maximum of 3 launderings prior to completion of the study Laundered Particulate-Blocking Hood and PPE (L) -Particulate-blocking hoods and bunker gear were exposed to smoke and laundered following NFPA 1851 guidelines (National Fire Protection Association 2020) 40 times (protocols reported elsewhere (Horn, Kerber, Andrews, et al 2020)) prior to human subject trials. Laundered particle-blocking hoods were from the same manufacturer and were identical make and model as the new particleblocking hoods.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is known that fires generate toxic and carcinogenic substances as consequence of the incomplete combustion of wood, plastic, and other fuels present in structural or wildland fires [3,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. Furthermore, the use of polymeric compounds in modern buildings and furniture can generate even more toxic substances [3,15].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is known that fires generate toxic and carcinogenic substances as consequence of the incomplete combustion of wood, plastic, and other fuels present in structural or wildland fires [3,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. Furthermore, the use of polymeric compounds in modern buildings and furniture can generate even more toxic substances [3,15]. Chemicals typically found in fires include, among others, aldehydes (mainly formaldehyde, and acrolein), aromatic compounds (as benzene), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, as pyrene, anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene), chlorinated hydrocarbons (as dichloromethane), as well as toxic inorganic gases (as CO, NO x , HCN, SO 2 , and HCl) known for causing acute effects [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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