Impact of Repeated Dietary Counseling Between Infancy and 14 Years of Age on Dietary Intakes and Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins

Niinikoski, Harri; Lagström, Hanna; Jokinen, Eero; Siltala, Marja; Rönnemaa, Tapani; Viikari, Jorma; Raitakari, Olli T.; Jula, Antti; Marniemi, Jukka; Näntö‐Salonen, Kirsti; Simell, Olli

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.699447

Cited by 156 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…However, 3 years later, at 4 years of age, the associations between dietary fat intake and serum lipids and apolipoproteins were weak. Compared with Finnish children on a restricted, low-fat diet (Niinikoski et al, 2007), these children had more favourable lipid levels at 12 months (Ohlund et al, 2008), but this did not remain until 4 years of age. The reason may be that during the period 6 months to 4 years, there was a deterioration in the quality of dietary fat intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Serum lipid levels differ between girls and boys already in early childhood, and dietary fat intake seems to affect girls and boys differently (Rogers and Emmett, 2001;Niinikoski et al, 2007;Ohlund et al, 2008). Total dietary fat intake, particularly higher intake of saturated fatty acids (SAFAs), is positively associated with total serum cholesterol (TC) levels (Rogers and Emmett, 2001;Niinikoski et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total dietary fat intake, particularly higher intake of saturated fatty acids (SAFAs), is positively associated with total serum cholesterol (TC) levels (Rogers and Emmett, 2001;Niinikoski et al, 2007). Studies in Sweden (Enghardt et al, 2006;Garemo et al, 2006), as well as other countries (Agostoni et al, 2000;Cowin and Emmett, 2001), report that intakes of SAFA are higher than the recommended p10% of total energy intake (EI) (10 E%), while intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are close to or below the recommended minimum intake of 5 E%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: There are only a few studies linking dietary fat intake to serum lipid levels in young children. Our objective was to prospectively evaluate serum lipid levels from infancy to early childhood, and to explore their possible association with dietary, growth and parental factors. Subjects/Methods: Children (n ¼ 127) followed from early infancy were examined for serum lipid levels, anthropometry and dietary intake at 4 years of age. We also studied possible associations with parental anthropometric and blood biochemistry data collected from 122 mothers' and 118 fathers' when children were 4 years of age. Results: Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio (apo B/apo A-1) showed significant tracking from infancy to 4 years. Furthermore, children's TC levels correlated with paternal TC level from 6 months to 4 years, but with maternal only at 4 years. In girls, both LDLC and HDLC correlated with parental LDLC and HDLC. In all children, intake of saturated fatty acids (SAFAs) was higher than recommended, and in 90% of the children polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake was lower than recommended. Conclusions: Serum lipid levels values tracked from infancy to 4 years and were associated with parental values. Higher serum lipid levels at 4 years compared with 6-18 months of age may result from changes in the quality of dietary fat. We therefore suggest that intake of dietary fat in 4-year-old children should be more focused on quality. Furthermore, as there were strong associations between the child and parental serum lipid levels this supports the view that family-based rather than individual intervention is preferable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

et al. 2011

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“…They were also advised to use vegetable oil and margarine in food preparation, on bread and so on. Compared with controls, the intervention children had B2E% lower saturated fat intake (Po0.001) and 0.1-0.2 mmol/l lower LDL-cholesterol values (Po0.001), whereas HDL-cholesterol values did not differ between the study groups (Niinikoski et al, 2007). HDL-to-total cholesterol ratio was higher in the intervention children than in controls.…”

Section: Essential Fats For Future Cardiovascular Healthdr Saskia Osementioning

confidence: 77%

“…The STRIP study aimed to reduce SAFA intake (o10%E) and increase PUFA intake (410%E) by dietary counselling from infancy onwards, and demonstrated that at 14 years of age and compared with the control group, children (both boys and girls) with a low-saturated-fat diet had lower LDL-cholesterol levels and lower blood pressure whereas lower serum triglyceride levels occurred only in boys (Niinikoski et al, 2007.…”

Section: Essential Fats For Future Cardiovascular Healthdr Saskia Osementioning

confidence: 99%

Essential fats for future health. Proceedings of the 9th Unilever Nutrition Symposium, 26–27 May 2010

et al. 2010

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the dietary recommendations for essential fatty acids (EFA); discuss the scientific evidence for the roles of EFA in cognition, immune function and cardiovascular health; and to identify opportunities for joint efforts by industry, academia, governmental and nongovernmental organizations to effectively improve health behaviour. This paper summarizes the main conclusions of the presentations given at the symposium. Linoleic acid (LA) and a-linolenic acid (ALA) are EFA that cannot by synthesized by the human body. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is considered as conditionally essential because of its limited formation from ALA in the human body and its critical role in early normal retinal and brain development and, jointly with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some evidence for possible beneficial roles of n-3 fatty acids for immune function and adult cognitive function is emerging. A higher consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; 410%E), including LA, ALA and at least 250-500 mg per day of EPA þ DHA, is recommended for prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Two dietary interventions suggest that EFA may affect CVD risk factors in children similarly as in adults. To ensure an adequate EFA intake of the population, including children, public health authorities should develop clear messages based on current science; ensure availability of healthy, palatable foods; and collaborate with scientists, the food industry, schools, hospitals, health-care providers and communities to encourage consumers to make healthy choices.

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Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels From Childhood to Adulthood and Cardiovascular Disease Events

Wu,

Jacobs,

Daniels

et al. 2024

JAMA

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ImportanceElevated non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C; a recommended measure of lipid-related cardiovascular risk) is common in children and increases risk of adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether resolution of elevated childhood non–HDL-C levels by adulthood is associated with reduced risk of clinical CVD events is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of non–HDL-C status between childhood and adulthood with incident CVD events.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIndividual participant data from 6 prospective cohorts of children (mean age at baseline, 10.7 years) in the US and Finland. Recruitment took place between 1970 and 1996, with a final follow-up in 2019.ExposuresChild (age 3-19 years) and adult (age 20-40 years) non–HDL-C age- and sex-specific z scores and categories according to clinical guideline–recommended cutoffs for dyslipidemia.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident fatal and nonfatal CVD events adjudicated by medical records.ResultsOver a mean length of follow-up of 8.9 years after age 40 years, 147 CVD events occurred among 5121 participants (60% women; 15% Black). Both childhood and adult non–HDL-C levels were associated with increased risk of CVD events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42 [95% CI, 1.18-1.70] and HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.26-1.78] for a 1-unit increase in z score, respectively), but the association for childhood non–HDL-C was reduced when adjusted for adult levels (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.89-1.41]). A complementary analysis showed that both childhood non–HDL-C levels and the change between childhood and adulthood were independently associated with the outcome, suggesting that from a preventive perspective, both childhood non–HDL-C levels and the change into adulthood are informative. Compared with those whose non-HDL-C levels remained within the guideline-recommended range in childhood and adulthood, participants who had incident non–HDL-C dyslipidemia from childhood to adulthood and those with persistent dyslipidemia had increased risks of CVD events (HR, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.00-4.69] and HR, 5.17 [95% CI, 2.80-9.56], respectively). Individuals who had dyslipidemic non–HDL-C in childhood but whose non-HDL-C levels were within the guideline-recommended range in adulthood did not have a significantly increased risk (HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.50-2.56]).Conclusions and RelevanceIndividuals with persistent non–HDL-C dyslipidemia from childhood to adulthood had an increased risk of CVD events, but those in whom dyslipidemic non–HDL-C levels resolve by adulthood have similar risk to individuals who were never dyslipidemic. These findings suggest that interventions to prevent and reduce elevated childhood non–HDL-C levels may help prevent premature CVD.

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Impact of Repeated Dietary Counseling Between Infancy and 14 Years of Age on Dietary Intakes and Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins

Cited by 156 publications

References 29 publications

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

Essential fats for future health. Proceedings of the 9th Unilever Nutrition Symposium, 26–27 May 2010

Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels From Childhood to Adulthood and Cardiovascular Disease Events

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