Impact of rain snow threshold temperature on snow depth simulation in land surface and regional atmospheric models

Wen, Li; Nagabhatla, Nidhi; Lü, Sihua; Wang, Shih-Yu

doi:10.1007/s00376-012-2192-7

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Feiccabrino et al [21] and Ye et al [1] compare measured (visual observation) and modeled precipitation phase, while many studies e.g., Wen et al [2] compare modeled and measured snow depths. For the latter type, the representation of (a) wind correction of gauge catch; (b) spatial resolution of the watershed; (c) lapse rate; and (d) snow melt etc.…”

Section: Variations Caused By Threshold Determination Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dual threshold methods have been found to result in less misclassified precipitation than TRS in many comparison studies e.g., [2,21]. Of the dual threshold methods, the approach applying a linear decrease in SF requires the least processing power.…”

Section: Dual Air Temperature Threshold Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Truthful identification of the precipitation phase (rain/snow) is of course crucial for the functioning of meteorological models that forecast the precipitation phase itself [2] but also for accurate correction of gauge measured winter precipitation [3] and for land surface models (LSM) predicting snow accumulation and melt [4], glacier and polar ice water balance models [5], models for lake and sea ice growth [6], and climate change models [7]. It is also important for models predicting avalanche hazards [8], sublimation of snow in forests [9], urban snowmelt quality [10], winter road safety [11], infiltration into frozen soils [12], survival of mammals and plants under snow cover [13], flooding from rain on snow events [14] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phase of precipitation at the ground can be univocally determined only by knowing the initial hydrometeor phase [29], hydrometeor shape and size [26], and the properties of the atmosphere through which the hydrometeor falls. These properties include above ground air temperatures (TAG), height of the 0 °C isotherm (Z0 °C) [17], vertical thickness of freezing and melting layers [26], atmospheric humidity [1], atmospheric stability [30], and interactions between hydrometeors [2,25,29,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meteorological Knowledge Useful for the Improvement of Snow Rain Separation in Surface Based Models

et al. 2015

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An accurate precipitation phase determination-i.e., solid versus liquid-is of paramount importance in a number of hydrological, ecological, safety and climatic applications. Precipitation phase can be determined by hydrological, meteorological or combined approaches. Meteorological approaches require atmospheric data that is not often utilized in the primarily surface based hydrological or ecological models. Many surface based models assign precipitation phase from surface temperature dependent snow fractions, which assume that atmospheric conditions acting on hydrometeors falling through the lower atmosphere are invariant. This ignores differences in phase change probability caused by air mass boundaries which can introduce a warm air layer over cold air leading to more atmospheric melt energy than expected for a given surface temperature, differences in snow grain-size or precipitation rate which increases the magnitude of latent heat exchange between the hydrometers and atmosphere required to melt the snow resulting in snow at warmer temperatures, or earth surface properties near a surface observation point heating or cooling a shallow layer of air allowing rain at cooler temperatures or snow at warmer OPEN ACCESSHydrology 2015, 2 267 temperatures. These and other conditions can be observed or inferred from surface observations, and should therefore be used to improve precipitation phase determination in surface models.

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Section: Variations Caused By Threshold Determination Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dual Air Temperature Threshold Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meteorological Knowledge Useful for the Improvement of Snow Rain Separation in Surface Based Models

et al. 2015

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“…This is due to the low basin-specific snowfall rate in CRUN-CEP forcing compared to GSWP3 (Fig. S12), which is probably the result of the criterion used to partition rainfall and snowfall in CRUNCEP, and strongly affects the simulation of snow depth and SWE (Loth et al, 1993;Wen et al, 2013). By contrast, the GSWP3-forced model captures the early winter SWE accumulation in these basins.…”

Section: Snow-related Processes Controlling Land Water Storage In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

ORCHIDEE-MICT (v8.4.1), a land surface model for the high latitudes: model description and validation

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere are a nexus for the interaction between land surface physical properties and their exchange of carbon and energy with the atmosphere. At these latitudes, two carbon pools of planetary significance -those of the permanently frozen soils (permafrost), and of the great expanse of boreal forestare vulnerable to destabilization in the face of currently observed climatic warming, the speed and intensity of which are expected to increase with time. Improved projections of future Arctic and boreal ecosystem transformation require improved land surface models that integrate processes specific to these cold biomes. To this end, this study lays out relevant new parameterizations in the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model. These describe the interactions between soil carbon, soil temperature and hydrology, and their resulting feedbacks on water and CO 2 fluxes, in addition to a recently developed fire module. Outputs from ORCHIDEE-MICT, when forced by two climate input datasets, are extensively evaluated against (i) temperature gradients between the atmosphere and deep soils, (ii) the hydrological components comprising the water balance of the largest highlatitude basins, and (iii) CO 2 flux and carbon stock observations. The model performance is good with respect to empirical data, despite a simulated excessive plant water stress andPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 122M. Guimberteau et al.: ORCHIDEE-MICT, a LSM for the high latitudes a positive land surface temperature bias. In addition, acute model sensitivity to the choice of input forcing data suggests that the calibration of model parameters is strongly forcingdependent. Overall, we suggest that this new model design is at the forefront of current efforts to reliably estimate future perturbations to the high-latitude terrestrial environment.

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The importance of aspect for modelling the hydrological response in a glacier catchment in Central Asia

Gao

Ding

Zhao

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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Understanding how explicit consideration of topographic information influences hydrological model performance and upscaling in glacier dominated catchments remains underexplored. In this study, the Urumqi glacier no. 1 catchment in northwest China, with 52% of the area covered by glaciers, was selected as study site. A conceptual glacier‐hydrological model was developed and tested to systematically, simultaneously, and robustly reproduce the hydrograph, separate the discharge into contributions from glacier and nonglacier parts of the catchment, and establish estimates of the annual glacier mass balance, the annual equilibrium line altitude, and the daily catchment snow water equivalent. This was done by extending and adapting a recently proposed landscape‐based semidistributed conceptual hydrological model (FLEX‐Topo) to represent glacier and snowmelt processes. The adapted model, FLEXG, allows to explicitly account for the influence of topography, that is, elevation and aspect, on the distribution of temperature and precipitation and thus on melt dynamics. It is shown that the model can not only reproduce long‐term runoff observations but also variations in glacier and snow cover. Furthermore, FLEXG was successfully transferred and up‐scaled to a larger catchment exclusively by adjusting the areal proportions of elevation and aspect without the need for further calibration. This underlines the value of topographic information to meaningfully represent the dominant hydrological processes in the region and is further exacerbated by comparing the model to a model formulation that does not account for differences in aspect (FLEXG,nA) and which, in spite of satisfactorily reproducing the observed hydrograph, does not capture the influence of spatial variability of snow and ice, which as a consequence reduces model transferability. This highlights the importance of accounting for topography and landscape heterogeneity in conceptual hydrological models in mountainous and snow‐, and glacier‐dominated regions.

show abstract

Impact of rain snow threshold temperature on snow depth simulation in land surface and regional atmospheric models

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Meteorological Knowledge Useful for the Improvement of Snow Rain Separation in Surface Based Models

Meteorological Knowledge Useful for the Improvement of Snow Rain Separation in Surface Based Models

ORCHIDEE-MICT (v8.4.1), a land surface model for the high latitudes: model description and validation

The importance of aspect for modelling the hydrological response in a glacier catchment in Central Asia

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