Impact of public restrictive measures on hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic: existing evidence and long-term implications

Karagiannidis, Artemios; Theodorakopoulou, Marieta; Ferro, Charles J.; Ortíz, Alberto; Soler, María José; Januszewicz, Andrzej; Persu, Alexandre; Kreutz, Reinhold; Sarafidis, Pantelis A.

doi:10.1093/ckj/sfac235

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…The relationship of DM and HTN with life-style changes during the pandemic and even after it (e.g. decreased physical activity, poor glycemic control and adherence to therapy) may have had an impact on aMR in the population without COVID-19 [ 21 ]. Moreover, some studies pointed to newly diagnosed HTN and DM after acute COVID-19 diagnosis, especially in severe cases [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent high mortality rates for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020–2022

Moreira,

Bastos,

Carvalho

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Introduction The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posed a significant public health challenge globally, with Brazil being no exception. Excess mortality during this period reached alarming levels. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Systemic Hypertension (HTN), and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) were associated with increased mortality. However, the specific impact of DM and HTN on mortality during the pandemic remains poorly understood. Methods This study analyzed mortality data from Brazil’s mortality system, covering the period from 2015 to 2022. Data included all causes of death as listed on death certificates, categorized by International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) codes. Population data were obtained from the Brazilian Census. Mortality ratios (MRs) were calculated by comparing death rates in 2020, 2021, and 2022 to the average rates from 2015 to 2019. Adjusted MRs were calculated using Poisson models. Results Between 2015 and 2022, Brazil recorded a total of 11,423,288 deaths. Death rates remained relatively stable until 2019 but experienced a sharp increase in 2020 and 2021. In 2022, although a decrease was observed, it did not return to pre-pandemic levels. This trend persisted even when analyzing records mentioning DM, HTN, or CVD. Excluding death certificates mentioning COVID-19 codes, the trends still showed increases from 2020 through 2022, though less pronounced. Conclusion This study highlights the persistent high mortality rates for DM and HTN in Brazil during the years 2020–2022, even after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19. These findings emphasize the need for continued attention to managing and preventing DM and HTN as part of public health strategies, both during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. There are complex interactions between these conditions and the pandemic’s impact on mortality rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent high mortality rates for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020–2022

Moreira,

Bastos,

Carvalho

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The relationship of DM and HTN with life-style changes during the pandemic and even after it (e.g. decreased physical activity, poor glycemic control and adherence to therapy) may have had an impact on aMR in the population without COVID-19 (15). Also, some studies pointed to newly diagnosed HTN and DM after acute COVID-19 diagnosis, especially in severe cases (16, 17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent high mortality rates for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020-2022

Moreira,

Bastos,

Carvalho

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posed a significant public health challenge globally, with Brazil being no exception. Excess mortality during this period reached alarming levels. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Systemic Hypertension (HTN), and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) were associated with increased mortality. However, the specific impact of DM and HTN on mortality during the pandemic remains poorly understood. Methods: This study analyzed mortality data from Brazil's mortality system, covering the period from 2015 to 2022. Data included all causes of death as listed on death certificates, categorized by International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) codes. Population data were obtained from the Brazilian Census. Mortality ratios (MRs) were calculated by comparing death rates in 2020, 2021, and 2022 to the average rates from 2015 to 2019. Adjusted MRs were calculated using Poisson models. Results: Between 2015 and 2022, Brazil recorded a total of 11,423,288 deaths. Death rates remained relatively stable until 2019 but experienced a sharp increase in 2020 and 2021. In 2022, although a decrease was observed, it did not return to pre-pandemic levels. This trend persisted even when analyzing records mentioning DM, HTN, or CVD. Excluding death certificates mentioning COVID-19 codes, the trends still showed increases from 2020 through 2022, though less pronounced. Conclusion: This study highlights the persistent high mortality rates for DM and HTN in Brazil during the years 2020-2022, even after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19. These findings emphasize the need for continued attention to managing and preventing DM and HTN as part of public health strategies, both during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. There are complex interactions between these conditions and the pandemic's impact on mortality rates.

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Official risk communication for COVID-19 and beyond: can we do a better job?

Linkov,

Cummings,

Dausey

2024

Environ Syst Decis

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The COVID-19 pandemic strained the infrastructure of public health systems worldwide and unearthed the social and institutional challenges of operating in a global crisis. This was exacerbated in the United States (U.S.), as public risk communication messages from local, state and federal public officials were rife with conflicting information. In this article, we unpack the perils of flawed risk communication and how it puts people at greater risk for infection and other secondary risks stemming from the pandemic mitigation behaviors. The choice to engage in preventive behaviors, such as social distancing, wearing facemasks, and frequently washing hands, differed dramatically across populations. On one extreme, some individuals, which we call the under-cautious, were hesitant to follow public health guidance regarding preventive behaviors, putting them at risk for COVID-19-associated morbidity. On the other end of this spectrum is another group, the over-cautious, who chose to physically remove themselves from social interactions, going beyond appropriate recommendations from experts to mitigate risk. This group may experience greater secondary risks associated with the pandemic, such as mental health issues, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. The infrastructural and communication challenges encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic must be further explored and mitigated. In the future, these campaigns need to target both the under-cautious and the over-cautious, as both extreme groups can potentially suffer health consequences in a pandemic.

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Impact of public restrictive measures on hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic: existing evidence and long-term implications

Cited by 6 publications

References 135 publications

Persistent high mortality rates for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020–2022

Persistent high mortality rates for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020–2022

Persistent high mortality rates for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020-2022

Official risk communication for COVID-19 and beyond: can we do a better job?

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