Impact of Proton Concentration on Equilibrium Potential and Polarization of Vanadium Flow Batteries

Xi, Xiaoli; Li, Xianfeng; Wang, Chenhui; Lai, Qinzhi; Cheng, Yuanhui; Zhou, Wei; Ding, Cong; Zhang, Huamin

doi:10.1002/cplu.201402040

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The electrolytes, which are made up of active materials, supporting electrolytes and additives, serve as important media to store and release energy . Thus, the properties of the electrolytes including the solubility, conductivity, and stability have significant effects on the performance and cycling stability of ZFBs. The standards for the option of including a supporting electrolyte are based on the electrochemical kinetics of the active species at the electrode–electrolyte interface, the electrolyte solubility, and a minimal cross‐contamination of the active materials .…”

Section: Advanced Materials For Zinc‐based Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

et al. 2019

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stability and efficiency of the electric grid to portable electronic devices as well as supplying backup power in districts with limited grid connectivity or in off-grid applications, [4][5][6][7] are an effective approach to address these issues.Among the numerous electrochemical energy storage techniques, flow batteries (FBs) are well suited for energy storage because of their perfect combination of high safety, high efficiency and flexibility. [8][9][10] A flow battery realizes the transformation of chemical energy into electric energy through the oxidation and reduction reactions of redox couples stored in electrolytes that typically circulate through the anode and cathode, which are normally separated by an ionconducting membrane. [11] Compared with other battery systems such as lithium-based batteries and lead-based batteries, the power of a flow battery is determined by the size and number of cell stacks, while the energy or capacity of the battery depends on the concentration and the volume of the redox couples in the electrolytes. [12] Hence, the power and energy or capacity of a flow battery can be designed independently, [13] allowing the power of a flow battery to range from the 100 kW to the 100 MW level and the energy of a flow battery to range from the 100 kWh to the 100 MWh level. [14] Normally, the electrolyte of a flow battery consists of an aqueous solution, which endows the technology with high safety and minimal potential risk of fire or explosion. These advantages of flow battery technologies make such devices very suitable for energy storage applications.As a representative flow battery technology, the vanadium flow battery (VFB) has long been considered as one of the most mature technologies and is currently at the commercial demonstration stage. [8,15] However, some limitations and challenges, e.g., the relatively high cost [16] and low energy density, still need to be overcome to realize its industrialization. Recently, tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring and developing novel flow battery technologies with low costs and high energy densities, e.g., zinc-based flow batteries (ZFBs), [17][18][19][20][21] polymer-based flow batteries, [22][23][24] and quinone-based flow batteries. [25][26][27][28] These newly developed flow battery technologies have demonstrated promise for energy storage applications, although most are still in development in the lab.Zinc-based flow batteries (ZFBs) are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications because of their high energy density and low-cost advantages. Nevertheless, their wide application is still confronted with challenges, which are mainly from advanced materials. Therefore, research on advanced materials for ZFBs in terms of electrodes, membranes, and electrolytes as well as their chemistries are of the utmost importance. Herein, the focus is on the scientific understandings of the fundamental design of these advanced materials and their chemistries in relation to the battery performance. The principles of using different...

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Section: Advanced Materials For Zinc‐based Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

et al. 2019

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“…As for the rate of vanadium redox reactions, it is well known that the electron transfer and mass transport control the electrode reactions on the surface of the carbon‐based materials . There are commonly used carbon electrodes such as graphite felt, carbon felt, or carbon paper, which have high electrical conductivity and stability in concentric acid‐based vanadium electrolytes . The basic properties of several carbon felt electrodes have been systemically investigated for their catalytic activities .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Park

Ryu

Cho

2015

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Vanadium redox reactions have been considered as a key factor affecting the energy efficiency of the all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). This redox reaction determines the reaction kinetics of whole cells. However, poor kinetic reversibility and catalytic activity towards the V(2+)/V(3+) and VO(2+)/VO2(+) redox couples on the commonly used carbon substrate limit broader applications of VRFBs. Consequently, modified carbon substrates have been extensively investigated to improve vanadium redox reactions. In this Focus Review, recent progress on metal- and carbon-based nanomaterials as an electrocatalyst for VRFBs is discussed in detail, without the intention to provide a comprehensive review on the whole components of the system. Instead, the focus is mainly placed on the redox chemistry of vanadium ions at a surface of various metals, different dimensional carbons, nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures, and metal-carbon composites.

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“…Furthermore, HNFBs allows twoelectron transfer redox reactions per Vi on, as demonstrated in Figure 12, to enhance the energy density of the cell. In contrast, traditional RFBs,r egardless of the use of aqueous or nonaqueous electrolytes, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] can only have one-electron-transfer redox reaction per Vion. .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Mechanism for the Reduction of Vanadyl Acetylacetonate to Vanadium Acetylacetonate for Room Temperature Flow Batteries

2016

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In this study, a new mechanism for the reduction of vanadyl acetylacetonate, VO(acac) , to vanadium acetylacetonate, V(acac) , is introduced. V(acac) has been studied for use in redox flow batteries (RFBs) for some time; however, contamination by moisture leads to the formation of VO(acac) . In previous work, once this transformation occurs, it is no longer reversible because there is a requirement for extreme low potentials for the reduction to occur. Here, we propose that, in the presence of excess acetylacetone (Hacac) and free protons (H ), the reduction can take place between 2.25 and 1.5 V versus Na/Na via a one-electron-transfer reduction. This reduction can take place in situ during discharge in a novel hybrid Na-based flow battery (HNFB) with a molten Na-Cs alloy as the anode. The in situ recovery of V(acac) during discharge is shown to allow the Coulombic efficiency of the HNFB to be ≈100 % with little or no capacity decay over cycles. In addition, utilizing two-electron-transfer redox reactions (i.e., V /V and V /V redox couples) per V ion to increase the energy density of RFBs becomes possible owing to the in situ recovery of V(acac) during discharge. The concept of in situ recovery of material can lead to more advances in maintaining the cycle life of RFBs in the future.

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Impact of Proton Concentration on Equilibrium Potential and Polarization of Vanadium Flow Batteries

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge

Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

New Mechanism for the Reduction of Vanadyl Acetylacetonate to Vanadium Acetylacetonate for Room Temperature Flow Batteries

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