Impact of Product Dumping on the Agricultural Sector in Iraq (2009-2017)

Abstract

The aim of this work was to check the presence of the dumping from neighboring countries of Iraq, Turkey and Jordan. The margin of dumping was calculated by taking the difference between the normal value and the export price. If it exceeds 2%, then there is dumping. Product dumping in Iraq has increased since 2003, and it is increasing from year to year for many types of agricultural and food commodities. Main reasons are the high rate of imports and the absence of trade policies represented by customs tariffs which in turn control the trade exchange. The research concluded that there is an intentional dumping in the trade of some agricultural commodities with Iraq from neighboring countries. Trade exchange with these countries has negative effects on the domestic product.

The Effect of Terms of Trade Shocks on Agricultural Product in Iraq for the Period (1990 – 2022)

“…As well as, the terms of trade are affected by the occurrence of recessions or recovery to which the economy is exposed to one or all of its joints because foreign trade is part of this economy, so it is positively or negatively affected by the fluctuations of the economic cycle, or these rates may be affected by a crisis. This effect increases if the country is exposed to cases of dumping in agricultural products and commodities, so it imports and exports many goods and services that make it affected by any movement to which the outside world is exposed (16). From the perspective of developing countries, the hypothesis of unequal growth between industrialized and non-industrialized economies prevails and the terms of trade are a crucial element according to the vision of both ( 25) and ( 22).…”

The complex system of climate change security and the ripple effect of water–food–socioeconomic nexus

“…The local production in the agri-food sector is discouraged by unfair competition with imported products, to which no proper taxes are applied. These improper trade policies lead to negative effects on domestic products, and the margin dumping in the local market from neighboring countries, particularly Turkey, Jordan, and Iran, exceeds 2% (Ghadhban and Jbara, 2019). The importation of vegetables is substantial in Iraq, where 60%-70% of the vegetables are supplied by neighboring countries (Lucani and Saade, 2012).…”