Impact of Prenatal Immune System Disturbances on Brain Development

Madhusudan, Amrita; Vogel, P.; Knuesel, Irène

doi:10.1007/s11481-012-9374-z

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Beyond their role as the "conventional macrophages of the brain," microglia have fundamental roles in synaptogenesis (Kettenmann, Hanisch et al 2011). As we discuss in detail in the next section, aberrant glial-neuronal interactions are important players in early stages of AD and other adult neurodegenerative diseases (Madhusudan, Vogel et al 2013, Bilbo and Stevens 2017.…”

Section: Microglial Plasticity Due To Fetal and Neonatal Insults: A Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial memory of early life stress and inflammation: Susceptibility to neurodegeneration in adulthood

Desplats

Gutierrez

Antonelli

et al. 2020

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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We review evidence supporting the role of early life programming in the susceptibility for adult neurodegenerative diseases while highlighting questions and proposing avenues for future research to advance our understanding of this fundamental process. The key elements of this phenomenon are chronic stress, neuroinflammation triggering microglial polarization, microglial memory and their connection to neurodegeneration. We review the mediating mechanisms which may function as early biomarkers of increased susceptibility for neurodegeneration. Can we devise novel early life modifying interventions to steer developmental trajectories to their optimum?

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Section: Microglial Plasticity Due To Fetal and Neonatal Insults: A Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial memory of early life stress and inflammation: Susceptibility to neurodegeneration in adulthood

Desplats

Gutierrez

Antonelli

et al. 2020

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…Microglia are a heterogeneous family of cells of myeloid lineage, which migrate from the bone marrow to the CNS both pre- and postnatally, and play a currently underappreciated role in neurodevelopmental disorders (165). When activated, they produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide.…”

Section: Neuropathological Effects Of Ppa Infusions On Inflammation/cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-chain fatty acid fermentation products of the gut microbiome: implications in autism spectrum disorders

MacFabe¹

2012

Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease

266

345

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Recent evidence suggests potential, but unproven, links between dietary, metabolic, infective, and gastrointestinal factors and the behavioral exacerbations and remissions of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Propionic acid (PPA) and its related short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fermentation products of ASD-associated bacteria (Clostridia, Bacteriodetes, Desulfovibrio). SCFAs represent a group of compounds derived from the host microbiome that are plausibly linked to ASDs and can induce widespread effects on gut, brain, and behavior. Intraventricular administration of PPA and SCFAs in rats induces abnormal motor movements, repetitive interests, electrographic changes, cognitive deficits, perseveration, and impaired social interactions. The brain tissue of PPA-treated rats shows a number of ASD-linked neurochemical changes, including innate neuroinflammation, increased oxidative stress, glutathione depletion, and altered phospholipid/acylcarnitine profiles. These directly or indirectly contribute to acquired mitochondrial dysfunction via impairment in carnitine-dependent pathways, consistent with findings in patients with ASDs. Of note, common antibiotics may impair carnitine-dependent processes by altering gut flora favoring PPA-producing bacteria and by directly inhibiting carnitine transport across the gut. Human populations that are partial metabolizers of PPA are more common than previously thought. PPA has further bioactive effects on neurotransmitter systems, intracellular acidification/calcium release, fatty acid metabolism, gap junction gating, immune function, and alteration of gene expression that warrant further exploration. These findings are consistent with the symptoms and proposed underlying mechanisms of ASDs and support the use of PPA infusions in rats as a valid animal model of the condition. Collectively, this offers further support that gut-derived factors, such as dietary or enteric bacterially produced SCFAs, may be plausible environmental agents that can trigger ASDs or ASD-related behaviors and deserve further exploration in basic science, agriculture, and clinical medicine.

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“…Numerous theories have been proposed regarding the cause of schizophrenia. Recent studies on pathophysiology of schizophrenia revealed impact of immunological and inflammatory mechanisms on disease predisposition, onset and progression (2). The neuropathological studies found associations between schizophrenia and both abnormal levels of inflammatory cytokines, and increased frequency of activated lymphocytes (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

İlk atak psikoz hastalarında nötrofil lenfosit oranının değerlendirilmesi

Varsak¹,

Aydın²,

Eren³

2016

Aile Hekimliği Ve Palyatif Bakım

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Introduction:There is a growing consensus in the literature that inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is a simple, inexpensive and reliable marker of inflammation. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between first episode psychosis (FEP) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and to investigate if there is a relation between NLR and severity of disease. Methods: In this retrospective study we analyzed 58 FEP patients' medical records from January 2011 to June 2014 who had been treated at our hospital. Hematologic parameters, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores and demographic data of the patients were obtained from the medical records of 58 FEP patients. Hematologic parameters and NLR values of 58 patients with FEP compared to values of 37 healthy control group. Correlation between NLR and BPRS scores were calculated. Results: Mean NLR was significantly higher in patients compared to control group (2.22 ± 1.25 vs. 1.63 ± 0.38, p = 0.041). Neutrophil count was not different between patients and healthy control (4.03 ± 0.70 vs. 4.20 ± 1.48, p = 0.525), but lymphocyte count was significantly lower in patients (2.56 ± 0.55 vs. 2.19 ± 0.77, p = 0.013). In the FEP patients, NLR was not significantly correlate with severity of disease (BPRS score) (n = 58; r = 0.060, p = 0.655). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that NLR levels are increased in physically healthy antipsychotic-naive first episode psychosis patients compared to physically and mentally healthy individuals. ÖZETGiriş: İnflamasyonun şizofreni patofizyolojisinde rol oynayabileceği ile ilgili literatürde giderek artan bir fikir birliği vardır. Kan nötrofil lenfosit oranı basit, ucuz ve inflamasyonun güvenilir bir göstergesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ilk atak psikoz ile nötrofil lenfosit oranı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ve eğer bir ilişki varsa bunun hastalık şiddeti ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmada Ocak 2011 ile Haziran 2014 tarihleri arasında hastanemizde tedavi edilmiş 58 ilk atak psikoz hastalarının hastane kayıtları analiz edildi. Hastane kayıtlarından hematolojik parametreler, Kısa Psikiyatrik Değerlendirme Ölçeği (KPDÖ) puanları ve demografik veriler elde edildi. İlk atak psikoz tanılı 58 hastanın hematolojik parametreleri ve nötrofil lenfosit oranları 37 kişilik sağlıklı kontrol grubunun değerleri ile karşılaştırıldı. KPDÖ puanları ile nötrofil lenfosit oranları arasındaki korelasyon değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Ortalama nötrofil lenfosit oranı hastalarda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksek çıktı (2,22 ± 1,25 vs. 1,63 ± 0,38, p = 0,041). Nötrofil sayısında hastalar ve sağlıklılar arasında fark yoktu (4,03 ± 0,70 vs. 4,20 ± 1,48, p = 0,525), ama lenfosit sayısı hastalarda anlamlı derecede düşüktü (2,56 ± 0,55 vs. 2,19 ± 0,77, p = 0,013). İlk atak psikozlarda nötrofil lenfosit oranı ile hastalık şiddeti (KPDÖ puanı) arasında anlamlı korelasyon yoktu (n = 58; r = 0,060, p = 0,655).

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Impact of Prenatal Immune System Disturbances on Brain Development

Cited by 10 publications

References 66 publications

Microglial memory of early life stress and inflammation: Susceptibility to neurodegeneration in adulthood

Microglial memory of early life stress and inflammation: Susceptibility to neurodegeneration in adulthood

Short-chain fatty acid fermentation products of the gut microbiome: implications in autism spectrum disorders

İlk atak psikoz hastalarında nötrofil lenfosit oranının değerlendirilmesi

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