Impact of Preferential Flow at Varying Irrigation Rates by Quantifying Mass Fluxes

Gish, T. J.; Kung, K.-J. S.; Perry, David; Posner, Joshua L.; Bubenzer, G. D.; Helling, Charles S.; Kladivko, E. J.; Steenhuis, T. S.

doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1033

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…That means that the artificial drainage response for heavy rainfall events is also quick if the soil moisture is low. This may again indicate that high rainfall intensities accelerate water fluxes through preferential flow pathways (GISH et al, 2004). Also KUNG et al (2000) reported that 90% of the tracers were found during the first day in a leaching experiment in Indiana (USA).…”

Section: Lag Time and Time Of Peak Artificial Drainage Response Aftermentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of Seasonality on Artificial Drainage Discharge under Temperate Climate Conditions

Hirt¹,

Wetzig²,

Amatya³

et al. 2011

International Review of Hydrobiology

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Artificial drainage systems affect all components of the water and matter balance. For the proper simulation of water and solute fluxes, information is needed about artificial drainage discharge rates and their response times. However, there is relatively little information available about the response of artificial drainage systems to precipitation. To address this need, we analysed 11 datasets from artificial drainage study sites (daily or hourly resolution), one daily dataset from an open ditch system, and three datasets from rainfall simulations on tile-drained fields.When we considered all 11 artificial drainage study sites, we found that artificial drainage discharge responded to 70% of all rainfall events during the year, and that the response rate differed significantly between 56% summer and 84% in winter. A median of 23% of the yearly precipitation rate is discharged by artificial drainage systems, varying from 9% of the precipitation in summer to 54% of the precipitation in winter. The artificial drainage systems usually started to respond within the first hour under rain fed conditions, and the response time increased at lower rainfall intensities ( < 1 mm h -1 ). The peak outflow normally occurred within the first two days. The influence of soil texture and land use on artificial drainage discharge rates could not be reproduced properly, due to the spatial high variability caused by other site-specific properties.

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Section: Lag Time and Time Of Peak Artificial Drainage Response Aftermentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of Seasonality on Artificial Drainage Discharge under Temperate Climate Conditions

Hirt¹,

Wetzig²,

Amatya³

et al. 2011

International Review of Hydrobiology

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“…Most of these experiments monitored the drainage water discharge and measured tracer content in the drain flow (Bengtsson et al, 1992; Kung et al, 2000a, b;Gish et al, 2004;Petersen et al, 2004). Few studies combined the monitoring of drainage water discharge with the analysis of the tracer content in the soil water or the direct 7 observation in the solum in case of dye tracer experiments (Mériaux, 1973;Merot and Hamdi, 1991;Øygarden et al, 1997;Kohler et al, 2003;Shipitalo et al, 2004).…”

Section: Subsurface Water Pathways In Drained Soils As Determined In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Drainage as an Active Agent of Recent Soil Evolution: A Review

et al. 2009

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While research on pedogenesis mainly focuses on the long-term soil formation and most often neglects recent soil evolution in response to human practices or climate changes, this article reviews the impact of artificial subsurface drainage on soil evolution. Artificial drainage is considered as an example of the impact of recent changes in water fluxes on soil evolution over time scales of decades to a century. Results from various classical studies on artificial drainage including hydrological and environmental studies are reviewed and collated with rare studies dealing explicitly with soil morphology changes, in response to artificial drainage. We deduce that soil should react to the perturbations associated with subsurface drainage over time scales that do not exceed a few decades. Subsurface drainage decreases the intensity of erosion and must i) increase the intensity of the lixiviation and eluviation processes, ii) affect iron and manganese 2 dynamics, and iii) induce heterogeneities in soil evolution at the ten meter scale. Such recent soil evolutions can no longer be neglected as they are mostly irreversible and will probably have unknown, but expectable, feedbacks on crucial soil functions such as the sequestration of soil organic matter or the water available capacity.Keywords: cultivation, human-induced soil evolution, pedogenesis, soil processes, subsurface drainage.Soil evolves permanently under the impact of fluxes of matter and energy (Chadwick and Chorover, 2001). These fluxes change through time according to the main pedological factors defined by Jenny (1941Jenny ( , 1961, namely topography, climate, and biota, including man, who was early recognized as a factor affecting soil evolution through his impact on fluxes (Yaalon and Yaron, 1966). Recent changes in these fluxes, in response to either human practices or global climate change, have probably resulted in recent soil evolutions. Such recent soil evolutions over time scales of a few decades are, however, most often neglected by comparison to the long-term soil formation on millennial to multi-millennial time scales and are not very well known until now.Water fluxes are of particular concern as water is the weathering reactive agent as well as the transporting phase. Thus, changes in water fluxes affect chemical weathering and transport of solutes and particles through soils (Chadwick and Chorover, 2001;Lin et al., 2005). Changes in water fluxes due to practices such as irrigation or drainage must induce recent soil evolutions.Irrigation mainly increases the amount of water flowing through soils. Artificial subsurface drainage, designed to remove excess water from soils, not only reduces the residence time of water in soils and increases soil aeration inducing changes in its redox status, but also increases the amount of infiltrating water and induces changes in the water pathways by respectively reducing the runoff (Bengtson et al., 1995;Grazhdani et al., 1996) and intercepting water fluxes at regular 3 intervals. Thus, artificial d...

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“…After 2-6 weeks, blue dye was examined by excavating a trench and photographing the exposed soil surface. Gish et al (2004) used dye tracer to determine the relative importance of field scale matrix and preferential flow processes on transport of mobile chemicals under steady state infiltration. Akhtar et al (2003a) used dye tracer to visualize flow pattern for unsaturated conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the importance of hysteresis and heterogeneity in the numerical simulation of unsaturated flow

Nakagawa

Saito

Berndtsson

2012

Hydrological Research Letters

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Abstract:Soil hydraulic properties in field scale porous media are distributed with large spatial heterogeneity. Thus, detailed understanding of micro-physical properties leading to macro-scale heterogeneity is important for generalizing purposes in modeling. Hysteretic water retention properties greatly affect solute transport under unsaturated condition. In this study, laboratory infiltration experiments were carried out to investigate the importance of hysteresis in numerical modeling of water flow under heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity. Soil water content was observed by time domain reflectometry using small printed circuit board probes (PCBP). The PCBP observations were compared to results from numerical simulations involving saturatedunsaturated seepage analysis and two-phase flow with/ without hysteresis effects. Observations were compared to both uniform and heterogeneous parameter modeling. Differences between unsaturated-saturated and two-phase flow were quite small in the numerical results for soil water content. The uniform parameter model, however, could not properly reproduce experimental water content change. The numerical results of water content change including hysteresis matched better observations for the unsaturatedsaturated and two-phase flow cases. Results displayed that it is important to take heterogeneity and hysteresis into consideration in the numerical modeling in both two-phase and saturated-unsaturated flow analysis.

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Impact of Preferential Flow at Varying Irrigation Rates by Quantifying Mass Fluxes

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

Impact of Seasonality on Artificial Drainage Discharge under Temperate Climate Conditions

Impact of Seasonality on Artificial Drainage Discharge under Temperate Climate Conditions

Soil Drainage as an Active Agent of Recent Soil Evolution: A Review

On the importance of hysteresis and heterogeneity in the numerical simulation of unsaturated flow

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