Impact of predicted precipitation scenarios on multitrophic interactions

Wade, Ruth N.; Karley, Alison J.; Johnson, Scott N.; Hartley, Susan

doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12858

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Karley, unpubl. data), and this is supported by other studies demonstrating the effects of drought on aphid fitness and suitability as prey for natural enemies (Hale, Bale, Pritchard, Masters, & Brown, 2003; Tariq, Wright, Rossiter, & Staley, 2012; Wade, Karley, Johnson, & Hartley, 2017). Climate change‐imposed stresses are predicted to have dramatic effects on host–parasitoid interactions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…However, as climate change increases the risk of drought stress in crop production areas, consideration should be given to how future climate conditions might change the outcome of biocontrol measures. Under drought, the rates of aphid development and aphid growth could increase (Aslam et al, 2013; Wade et al, 2017) and the fitness costs of carrying the protective symbiont H. defensa may become more apparent, for example by a reduction in the fecundity of aphids carrying the symbiont (e.g. Leybourne et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learning‐induced switching costs in a parasitoid can maintain diversity of host aphid phenotypes although biocontrol is destabilized under abiotic stress

Preedy

Chaplain

Leybourne

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Ecology

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1. Aphid populations frequently include phenotypes that are resistant to parasitism by hymenopterous parasitoid wasps, which is often attributed to the presence of 'protective' facultative endosymbionts residing in aphid tissues, particularly Hamiltonella defensa. In field conditions, under parasitoid pressure, the observed coexistence of aphids with and without protective symbionts cannot be explained by their difference in fitness alone.2. Using the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi as a model, we propose an alternative mechanism whereby parasitoids are more efficient at finding common phenotypes of aphid and experience a fitness cost when switching to the less common phenotype.3. We construct a model based on delay differential equations and parameterize and validate the model with values within the ranges obtained from experimental studies. We then use it to explore the possible effects on system dynamics under conditions of environmental stress, using our existing data on the effects of drought stress in crops as an example. 4. We show the 'switching penalty' incurred by parasitoids leads to stable coexistence of aphids with and without H. defensa and provides a potential mechanism for maintaining phenotypic diversity among host organisms. We show that drought-induced reduction in aphid development time has little impact. However, greater reduction in fecundity on droughted plants of symbiont-protected aphids can cause insect population cycles when the system would be stable in the absence of drought stress. 5. The stabilizing effect of the increased efficiency in dealing with more commonly encountered host phenotypes is applicable to a broad range of consumer-resource systems and could explain stable coexistence in competitive environments. The loss of stable coexistence when drought has different effects on the competing aphid phenotypes highlights the importance of scenario testing when considering biocontrol for pest management. K E Y W O R D S climate change, drought, Hamiltonella defensa, mathematical model, parasitoid, symbiont | 1217 Journal of Animal Ecology PREEDY Et al.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning‐induced switching costs in a parasitoid can maintain diversity of host aphid phenotypes although biocontrol is destabilized under abiotic stress

Preedy

Chaplain

Leybourne

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…Environmental change and dispersal can both have indirect effects on communities by altering trophic interactions (Gilman et al 2010;Verreydt et al 2012), but this is an underappreciated complexity of the spatial insurance hypothesis. In both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, the effect of environmental change on primary producers can indirectly impact organisms at higher trophic levels (Wade et al 2017;Ullah et al 2018), and effects of environmental change on herbivores or predators can cascade down to lower trophic levels (Martin & Maron 2012;Amundrud & Srivastava 2016;Bell et al 2019). The interaction of environmental change and dispersal might entail additional indirect effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial insurance in multi‐trophic metacommunities

et al. 2019

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Metacommunity theory suggests that dispersal is a key driver of diversity and ecosystem functioning in changing environments. The capacity of dispersal to mitigate effects of environmental change might vary among trophic groups, potentially resulting in changes in trophic interactions and food web structure. In a mesocosm experiment, we compared the compositional response of bacteria, phyto‐ and zooplankton to a factorial manipulation of acidification and dispersal. We found that the buffering capacity of dispersal varied among trophic groups: dispersal alleviated the negative effect of acidification on phytoplankton diversity mid‐experiment, but had no effect on the diversity of zooplankton and bacteria. Likewise, trophic groups differed in whether dispersal facilitated compositional change. Dispersal accelerated changes in phytoplankton composition under acidification, possibly mediated by changes in trophic interactions, but had no effect on the composition of zooplankton and bacteria. Overall, our results suggest that the potential for spatial insurance can vary among trophic groups.

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“…Finally, we did not manipulate host plant resources in the present study. Changes in temperature and precipitation can greatly affect host plants in several ways, such as their biomass, chemical composition, defenses, and nitrogen content (Jamieson, Trowbridge, Raffa, & Lindroth, ; Wade, Karley, Johnson, & Hartley, ), as well as their geographic distribution (Liang & Fei, ). Subjecting host plants to the same environmental conditions as the herbivores and parasitoids would facilitate greater understanding of multitrophic interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate variation alters the synchrony of host–parasitoid interactions

Wetherington

Jennings

Shrewsbury

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Observed changes in mean temperature and increased frequency of extreme climate events have already impacted the distributions and phenologies of various organisms, including insects. Although some research has examined how parasitoids will respond to colder temperatures or experimental warming, we know relatively little about how increased variation in temperature and humidity could affect interactions between parasitoids and their hosts. Using a study system consisting of emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, and its egg parasitoid Oobius agrili, we conducted environmentally controlled laboratory experiments to investigate how increased seasonal climate variation affected the synchrony of host–parasitoid interactions. We hypothesized that increased climate variation would lead to decreases in host and parasitoid survival, host fecundity, and percent parasitism (independent of host density), while also influencing percent diapause in parasitoids. EAB was reared in environmental chambers under four climate variation treatments (standard deviations in temperature of 1.24, 3.00, 3.60, and 4.79°C), while O. agrili experiments were conducted in the same environmental chambers using a 4 × 3 design (four climate variation treatments × 3 EAB egg densities). We found that EAB fecundity was negatively associated with temperature variation and that temperature variation altered the temporal egg laying distribution of EAB. Additionally, even moderate increases in temperature variation affected parasitoid emergence times, while decreasing percent parasitism and survival. Furthermore, percent diapause in parasitoids was positively associated with humidity variation. Our findings indicate that relatively small changes in the frequency and severity of extreme climate events have the potential to phenologically isolate emerging parasitoids from host eggs, which in the absence of alternative hosts could lead to localized extinctions. More broadly, these results indicate how climate change could affect various life history parameters in insects, and have implications for consumer–resource stability and biological control.

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Impact of predicted precipitation scenarios on multitrophic interactions

Cited by 22 publications

References 80 publications

Learning‐induced switching costs in a parasitoid can maintain diversity of host aphid phenotypes although biocontrol is destabilized under abiotic stress

Learning‐induced switching costs in a parasitoid can maintain diversity of host aphid phenotypes although biocontrol is destabilized under abiotic stress

Spatial insurance in multi‐trophic metacommunities

Climate variation alters the synchrony of host–parasitoid interactions

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