Impact of pre-pregnancy excessive body weight on the composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk: a systematic review

Amaral, Yasmin Notarbartolo di Villarosa do; Marano, Daniele; Couto, Elissa de Oliveira; Moreira, Maria Elisabeth Lopes

doi:10.1080/09637486.2019.1646713

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our analysis of the papers investigating fatty acids in BM of overweight-obese mothers, in agreement with the unique available meta-analysis (110), highlights an increase in saturated fatty acids, a reduction in monounsaturated fatty acids, a reduction in n-3 LCPUFA, and an increase in n-6/n-3 ratio in most of them. The first two effects could promote excessive long-term weight gain and associated inflammation, as well as reduce glucose tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The Human Breast Milk Metabolome in Overweight and Obese Mothers

et al. 2020

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Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is a major relevance factor, since maternal overweight and obesity can impair the pregnancy outcome and represent risk factors for several neonatal, childhood, and adult conditions, including excessive weight gain, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and even behavioral disorders. Currently, breast milk (BM) composition in such category of mothers was not completely defined. In this field, metabolomics represents the ideal technology, able to detect the whole profile of low molecular weight molecules in BM. Limited information is available on human BM metabolites differences in overweight or obese compared to lean mothers. Analyzing all the metabolomics studies published on Medline in English language, this review evaluated the effects that 8 specific types of metabolites found altered by maternal overweight and obesity (nucleotide derivatives, 5-methylthioadenosine, sugar-alcohols, acylcarnitine and amino acids, polyamines, mono-and oligosaccharides, lipids) can exert on the risk of offspring obesity development and other potentially associated health outcomes and complications. However, metabolites variations in samples collected from overweight and obese mothers and the potentially correlated effects highlighted below still need further investigations and should be confirmed in future metabolomics studies on larger samples. Finally, the positive or negative influence of maternal overweight and obesity on the offspring, potentially exerted by breastfeeding, should be analyzed in close correlation with maternal age, genetic and environmental factors, including diet, and taking into account the interactions occurring between BM metabolites and lactobiome. The evaluation of all the factors affecting BM metabolites in overweight and obese mothers can lead to the comprehensive description of such biofluid and the related effects on breastfed subjects, potentially highlighting personalized needs of BM supplementation or short-and long-term prevention strategies to optimize offspring health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The Human Breast Milk Metabolome in Overweight and Obese Mothers

et al. 2020

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“…The correlation between breastfeeding and reduced risk of obesity later in life has been widely discussed in order to prevent rapid acceleration of growth during infancy and reducing the deposition of adipose tissue [125][126][127]. Haschke et al [128] examined data from three randomized controlled trials, with the aim of exploring the association between maternal obesity and faster growth of their breast-fed infants [129,130].…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Triad Mother-Breast Milk-Infant as Predictor of Future Health: A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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The benefits of human milk for both mother and infant are widely acknowledged. Human milk could represent a link between maternal and offspring health. The triad mother-breast milk-infant is an interconnected system in which maternal diet and lifestyle might have effects on infant’s health outcome. This link could be in part explained by epigenetics, even if the underlining mechanisms have not been fully clarified yet. The aim of this paper is to update the association between maternal diet and human milk, pointing out how maternal diet and lifestyle could be associated with breast-milk composition, hence with offspring’s health outcome.

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“…Milk composition has a high degree of variability despite wellconserved macronutrients, with maternal weight status contributing to this variation (Ballard & Morrow, 2013). Maternal weight status has been associated with increased factors promoting adipogenesis including N6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and metabolic regulating factors such as insulin (Ahuja et al, 2011;Amaral, Marano, Oliveira, & Moreira, 2019;Chan et al, 2018;Ley, Hanley, Sermer, Zinman, & O'Connor, 2012;Makela et al, 2013;Young et al, 2017). The impact of maternal weight status on milk composition may be an important aspect of developmental programming; however, the degree to which milk composition influences infant growth remains an area for exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of maternal overweight and obesity on milk composition and infant growth

Ellsworth

Perng

Harman

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Overweight and obesity (OW/OB) impact half of the pregnancies in the United States and can have negative consequences for offspring health. Studies are limited on human milk alterations in the context of maternal obesity. Alterations in milk are hypothesized to impact offspring development during the critical period of lactation. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between mothers with OW/OB (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2), infant growth, and selected milk nutrients. We recruited mother–infant dyads with pre‐pregnancy OW/OB and normal weight status. The primary study included 52 dyads with infant growth measures through 6 months. Thirty‐two dyads provided milk at 2 weeks, which was analysed for macronutrients, long‐chain fatty acids, and insulin. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the association of maternal weight status with infant growth, maternal weight status with milk components, and milk components with infant growth. Mothers with OW/OB had infants with higher weight‐for‐length (WFL) and BMI Z‐scores at birth. Mothers with OW/OB had higher milk insulin and dihomo‐gamma‐linolenic, adrenic, and palmitic acids and reduced conjugated linoleic and oleic acids. N6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA)‐driven factor 1 was associated with higher WFL, lower length‐for‐age (LFA), and lower head circumference‐for‐age Z‐scores change from 2 weeks to 2 months in human milk‐fed infants, whereas N6 LC‐PUFA‐driven factor 5 was associated with lower LFA Z‐score change. Human milk composition is associated with maternal pre‐pregnancy weight status and composition may be a contributing factor to early infant growth trajectory.

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Impact of pre-pregnancy excessive body weight on the composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk: a systematic review

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

The Human Breast Milk Metabolome in Overweight and Obese Mothers

The Human Breast Milk Metabolome in Overweight and Obese Mothers

The Triad Mother-Breast Milk-Infant as Predictor of Future Health: A Narrative Review

Impact of maternal overweight and obesity on milk composition and infant growth

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