Impact of Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust on Milling and Baking Quality of Soft Red Winter Wheat

Abstract

Changes in milling and baking quality (especially flour yield) of soft red winter wheat can have a large economic impact on flour mills. To determine the relationship between early-season powdery mildew and late-season leaf rust on flour yield, flour protein, alkaline water retention capacity, and kernel texture (softness equivalent), a study was conducted over 2 years at Kinston and Plymouth, NC. Different levels of powdery mildew and leaf rust developed on three winter wheat cultivars that varied in levels of disease resistance, the presence of seed treatment, and the presence and timing of foliar fungicide application. In Kinston and Plymouth in 1989-90, where leaf rust occurred early, the softness equivalent score was lower in wheat grown from seed treated with triadimenol. The following year, when the leaf rust epidemic increased later, foliar fungicide application reduced disease and resulted in lower softness equivalent scores in both Plymouth and Kinston for cv. Saluda and in Kinston for cv. Coker 983. A regression model was developed to describe the relationship between the log of the area under the disease progress curves and adjusted flour yield (AFY). The AFY of Saluda was reduced in the presence of powdery mildew such that %AFY = 103.96 - 0.92 (log AUMPC).

A Multi-Aspect Comparative Investigation on the Use of Strobilurin and Triazole-based Fungicides for Winter Wheat Disease Control

“…kg -1 DM in untreated plots, even though fungicide prolonged green leaf area retention compared with untreated plots. Similar regularities and conclusions are found and discussed in literature: the effects of fungicides on grain protein concentration and its relationship with green area retention of the flag leaf were inconsistent over years (Kelley, 2001;Everts et al, 2001 (Triboi et al, 2003). In 2002, during grain ripening period the weather was hot and sunny, however, shortage of rainfall and the drought interrupted plant vegetation, markedly accelerated grain ripening and at the same time nitrogen flow into grain.…”

“…Yield losses due to diseases vary between crops and regions and are often 10-20 % (Hewitt, 2000). Research evidence on the effects of disease incidence and fungicide use on grain quality and safety are diverse and sometimes controversial (Mesterhazy et al, 2003;Covarelli et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2005;Polišenská & Tvaružek 2007;Gärtner et al, 2008;Clarck, 2003;Everts et al, 2001;Ruske et al, 2003). This part of our study was aimed to estimate the effects of fungicides containing strobilurins and triazoles on the senescence of winter wheat cv.…”

Comparative sequence analysis of wheat and barley powdery mildew fungi reveals gene colinearity, dates divergence and indicates host-pathogen co-evolution

“…It has negative effects on yield quality (Everts et al, 2001) and quantity (Conner et al, 2003) and consequently leads to large economic damage. The causal agents, Blumeria graminis f. sp.…”

Development of powdery mildew and leaf rust epidemics in winter wheat cultivars

“…Both diseases have dissimilar conditions for successful development. According to Everts et al (2001) powdery mildew is early-season and leaf rust is late-season. Different levels of powdery mildew and leaf rust developed on three winter wheat cultivars that varied in the levels of disease resistance, presence of seed treatment, and the presence and timing of foliar fungicide application.…”