Impact of Point and Nonpoint Source Pollution on Pore Waters of Two Chesapeake Bay Tributaries

Karuppiah, Makesh; Gupta, Gian

doi:10.1006/eesa.1996.0084

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These findings are in agreement with several authors who found sediment toxicity related to low redox levels and high levels of sulfides and elemental sulfur generally present in anoxic sediments [6,33,48,49]. High pore water ammonia concentrations can also be inhibitory for Vibrio fischeri bacteria [35]. However, this effect was not observed during the present investigation, Tab.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Toxicity Assessment by Microtox® in Sediments, Pore Waters and Sediment Saline Elutriates in the Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea)

Łukawska‐Matuszewska

Burska

Niemirycz³

2009

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The toxicity of sediments in the Gulf of Gdansk is analyzed in relation to the chemical composition of interstitial and near-bottom waters, and sediment properties. The toxicity of sediments, pore waters and saline elutriates is determined by using the Microtoxm test based on changes in light production of the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The results indicate considerable toxicity in the majority of examined sediments. Since the sediment elutriates and pore waters are toxic in some cases, the total toxicity of the sediments is likely to be due to both sediment-bound and water soluble substances. The sediment toxicity is related to the percentage contribution of the fine fraction of sediments. A significant correlation between the toxicity of the sediments and the black carbon content implies anthropogenic contamination. The toxicity of the sediments is seen to increase with the increase of hydrogen sulfide concentration in pore waters. The ammonia in pore waters was found not to be responsible for the toxicity of the sediments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Toxicity Assessment by Microtox® in Sediments, Pore Waters and Sediment Saline Elutriates in the Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea)

Łukawska‐Matuszewska

Burska

Niemirycz³

2009

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Hawker & Connell 1985, 1986,b, Baughman & Perenich 1988, Markwell et al 1989, Just et al 1990, De la Torre et al 1995, Karrupiah & Gupta 1996, Hamer et al 1999, Mitra & Dickhut 1999, Chu & Chan 2000, Berglund et al 2001, Nipper et al 2002, Skrabal & Terry 2002, Williamson et al 2002 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: The 3-phase Modelmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1) (e.g. Hawker & Connell 1985, 1986, Connell 1988, Coats et al 1989, Connell & Bycroft 1990, Just et al 1990, De la Torre et al 1995, Murphy et al 1995, Karrupiah & Gupta 1996, Hamer et al 1999, Mortimer et al 1999, Chu & Chan 2000, Anderson et al 2001, Hendriks et al 2001, Nipper et al 2002, Fent 2003. While the diffusion model is based on principles of physical chemistry that have been validated for abiotic environments, it is of limited value when applied to biota because it does not allow for the biological membrane's ability to isolate and regulate substance uptake, nor its capacity to actively export substances, including many toxins (see later subsection 'Why diffusion is not the process …').…”

Section: Theory and Application Of 'Diffusion Model' In Ecotoxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corollary is that only pollutant solutes are available for uptake by living organisms (e.g. Chiou et al 1982, Hawker & Connell 1985, 1986,b, Connell 1988, 1990, Markwell et al 1989, Di Toro et al 1990, Just et al 1990, Stenerson 1992, De la Torre et al 1995, Karrupiah & Gupta 1996, Skoglund et al 1996, Mitra & Dickhut 1999, Carbonell et al 2000, Chu & Chan 2000, Nipper et al 2002, Williamson et al 2002, Fent 2003. This assumption ignores an inherent primary function of the bilayer of the biological membrane -that it is an impermeable barrier which isolates any living unit (organelle, cell or living organism) from its external environment (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Protein model for pollutant uptake and elimination by living organisms and its implications for ecotoxicology

Quinnell¹,

Hulsman²,

Davie³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The conceptual model on which chemical assessment of pollutants is based is flawed. The assumption in ecotoxicology -that pollutants cross the biological membrane only by passive diffusion of their solute phase (diffusion model) and thus, that only water-soluble pollutants are biologically available -is inconsistent with the biologists' understanding of the role and functioning of the biological membrane. The biological membrane both isolates organisms, cells and organelles from their external environments and regulates cross-membrane trafficking of polar and non-polar substances. Trafficking regulation is a function of proteins dissolved within the membrane. An alternative protein model for pollutant uptake and elimination is proposed that provides a credible explanation of how solid-phase pollutants, such as those bound to aquatic sediments and soils, may be readily incorporated by living organisms. Current chemical testing is likely to underestimate the risk posed to organisms by sediment and soil-bound pollutants. New techniques for assessing the bioavailability and impacts of pollutants, based on the protein model, are urgently needed.

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“…Impact of chemicals and hazardous substances on the environment often occurs as mixtures rather than single components (Konemann, 1981;Malins et al, 1984;Muir et al, 1985;Schiewe et al, 1985;Uhler et al, 1986;Knezovich et al, 1987;Din and Abu, 1993;Phelps, 1993;Lange et al, 1994Lange et al, , 1995aKaruppiah and Gupta, 1996) and usually result from multiple sources (Eisman et al, 1991;Ton et al, 1993;Johnson and DeRosa, 1995;Kovacs et al, 1995;Ghosal and Kaviraj, 1996;Stilwell and Gorny, 1997). These chemical mixtures may result in different interactions on ecosystems and organisms rather than that which would be observed from individual chemicals alone (Marking and Mauck, 1975;Koneman, 1981;Jop et al, 1990;Kraak et al, 1993;Dirilgen and Inel, 1994;Lange, 1995a,d, 1996b;Rogers et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of theVibrio harveyiToxicity Test for Evaluating Mixture Interactions of Nitrobenzene and Dinitrobenzene

Lange¹,

Thomulka

1997

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Impact of Point and Nonpoint Source Pollution on Pore Waters of Two Chesapeake Bay Tributaries

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Toxicity Assessment by Microtox® in Sediments, Pore Waters and Sediment Saline Elutriates in the Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea)

Toxicity Assessment by Microtox® in Sediments, Pore Waters and Sediment Saline Elutriates in the Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea)

Protein model for pollutant uptake and elimination by living organisms and its implications for ecotoxicology

Use of theVibrio harveyiToxicity Test for Evaluating Mixture Interactions of Nitrobenzene and Dinitrobenzene

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