Impact of Pneumococcal and Viral Pneumonia on the Respiratory and Intestinal Tract Microbiomes of Mice

Gierse, Laurin Christopher; Meene, Alexander; Skorka, Sebastian B; Cuypers, Fabian; Surabhi, Surabhi; Ferrero-Bordera, Borja; Kreikemeyer, Bernd; Becher, Dörte; Hammerschmidt, Sven; Siemens, Nikolai; Urich, Tim; Riedel, Katharina

doi:10.1128/spectrum.03447-22

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Initially, we discovered a cause-and-effect relationship between contracting the flu and a rise in the prevalence of Bacilli class. The findings align with others’ results [ 24 , 26 , 27 ]. For instance, Zhang et al [ 26 ] on Bacillus subtilis, in which an increased abundance of endogenous B. animalis in the gut of mice enhanced their resistance to influenza.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Therefore, the immune effect of class Bacilli on influenza, particularly in severe cases, merits further investigation. Additionally, Gierse et al [ 27 ].observed a significant increase in Staphylococcaceae within class Bacilli in H1N1 influenza-infected mice compared to normal and COVID-19 infected mice. This implies that the plentiful presence of Bacilli may potentially function as indicators in the intestines for the identification of influenza and other infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between gut microbiota and influenza: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study

Xu,

Gan,

Tao

et al. 2023

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Previous observational studies have indicated a correlation between the gut microbiota and influenza; however, the exact nature of the bidirectional causal connection remains uncertain. Method A two-way, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to evaluate the possible causal connection between the gut microbiota and the two outcomes of influenza (pneumonia without influenza and influenza pneumonia). The statistical analysis of gut microbiota is derived from the information of the most extensive meta-analysis (GWAS) conducted by the MiBioGen Alliance, encompassing a sample size of 18,340.The summary statistical data for influenza (not pneumonia, n = 291,090) and influenza pneumonia (n = 342,499) are from GWAS data published by FinnGen consortium R8.Estimate and summarize Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and Weighted median (WM) in bidirectional MR analysis. To assess the heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability of SNPs, we employed Cochran’s Q test, MR Egger intercept test, and sensitivity analysis. Result The IVW analysis indicated that there was a significant association between influenza infection and five bacterial taxa. Additionally, the abundance changes of seven gut microbiota were found to be causally related to influenza infection. In addition, seven bacterial taxa showed a significant association with the occurrence of influenza pneumonia. The findings from the WM analysis largely support the outcomes of IVW, however, the results of MR egger analysis do not align with IVW. Furthermore, there is no proof to substantiate the cause-and-effect relationship between influenza pneumonia and the composition of gut microbiota. Conclusion This analysis demonstrates a possible bidirectional causal connection between the prevalence of particular gut microbiota and the occurrence of influenza infection. The presence of certain gut microbiota may potentially contribute to the development of pneumonia caused by influenza. Additional investigation into the interaction between particular bacterial communities and influenza can enhance efforts in preventing, monitoring, and treating influenza.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between gut microbiota and influenza: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study

Xu,

Gan,

Tao

et al. 2023

BMC Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Common respiratory infections in humans are primarily caused by viruses, and respiratory viruses spread downward through upper respiratory tract infections to develop acute pneumonia (AP) [1]. AP is an abnormality of gas exchange at the alveolar level accompanied by inflammation of the lung parenchyma, and the infection activates several pattern recognition receptors (PRR) within the alveolar epithelium, eliciting an intense inflammatory response in the lungs to control viral transmission and enhance tissue repair [1]. Ribavirin (RBV) is a monophosphate inosine 5 ′ -monophosphate (IMPDH) inhibitor that inhibits IMPDH, thereby hindering the synthesis of viral nucleic acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Cationic Liposome as a Promising Nano Spray for Acute Pneumonia Treatment

Wang,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Acute pneumonia (AP), triggered primarily by pathogens like bacteria and viruses, is a leading cause of human mortality. Ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, plays a pivotal role in the treatment of AP. However, its therapeutic use is hindered by the need for high dosages and the associated cardiac and hepatic toxicities. In this study, we synthesized polyethylene glycol-modified cationic liposomes to encapsulate ribavirin (RBV-PCL) and formulated it into a spray, aiming to enhance the effectiveness of RBV through respiratory administration. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a compound known to induce AP models in animals, was utilized in our research. Successfully, we established an acute pneumonia model in mice using aerosol inhalation. Through animal experiments, we investigated the therapeutic effects of RBV-PCL on mice with AP. In vivo studies revealed promising results. RBV-PCL effectively prolonged the survival of mice with AP, significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs and spleens of mice. These findings suggest that RBV-PCL can effectively suppress the inflammatory response in mice with AP, thus holding significant potential as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of acute pneumonia.

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Causal effects of gut microbiota on pneumonia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Niu,

Chen,

Xiong

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Emerging evidence indicates substantial alterations in gut microbiota among individuals with pneumonia. Nevertheless, it is still controversial whether the alterations of gut microbiome are the causation or result in the development of pneumonia. Consequently, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to investigate the causal effects. Methods We used IVW-FE as the main analysis method and considered the following methods, Maximum likelihood (ML), MR‒Egger regression, and simple median, to verify the authenticity of the results. In addition, the Cochran’s Q statistic, the MR Egger intercept test, the MR-PRESSO test, the leave-one-out analysis, and the Bonferroni correction were conducted as sensitivity analysis. Results The IVW-FE method revealed that a higher abundance of family Defluviitaleaceae (OR = 0.912, 95% CI = 0.864–0.964, P = 9.99E-04) was significantly correlated with a lower risk of pneumonia after the Bonferroni correction. Additionally, 6 nominal causal relationships (4 harmful and 2 preventive features) were discovered between gut microbiota and the susceptibility to pneumonia. As for three phenotypes, 10 nominal causal effects (4 harmful and 6 preventive features), 13 nominal causal effects (9 harmful and 4 preventive features), and 8 nominal causal effects (4 harmful and 4 preventive features) were identified for bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, and other pneumonia, respectively. Additionally, no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found. Conclusions This MR research found several causal effects between specific gut microbiota and pneumonia, as well as among its three phenotypes. Novel opinions for noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention in pneumonia patients were provided.

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Impact of Pneumococcal and Viral Pneumonia on the Respiratory and Intestinal Tract Microbiomes of Mice

Cited by 3 publications

References 96 publications

Association between gut microbiota and influenza: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study

Association between gut microbiota and influenza: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study

Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Cationic Liposome as a Promising Nano Spray for Acute Pneumonia Treatment

Causal effects of gut microbiota on pneumonia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

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