Impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicle battery charging on a distribution system

Abstract

Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) battery chargers are mostly connected to the low-voltage grid for charging. Their increased penetration coupled with uncoordinated charging could impact the distribution system in terms of unbalanced voltage and transformer overloading. Although PEV battery charging is increasing, impact on the distribution system is not fully investigated. This paper focuses on unbalanced voltage caused by uneven distribution of PEV penetration among the phases. Using real data provided by utility, a distribution system has been modeled and tested using Matlab-Simulink. PEV penetration levels at 10-80% are studied, unbalanced voltage is calculated, and transformer overloading is observed. As PEV adoption is expected to increase, the impact on the distribution system will increase. Coordinated or smart charging of PEVs will be essential for consumers and utilities.Index Terms--Plug-in electric vehicle, battery charging, unbalanced voltage, and transformer overloading.

Electric Vehicles Beyond Energy Storage and Modern Power Networks: Challenges and Applications

“…Of the MV and LV networks, the voltage profile impact is more pronounced on the LV network since they are directly connected to the EVs charging stations; this is clear from the [133] and [119]. Also, coordinated charging displayed superior performance over uncoordinated charging as a function of EVs penetration rate for voltage profile factor in [116], [118], [135]- [142].…”

“…The outcome outlined in [148] showed that a severe unbalance condition arose, which needs special consideration upon adopting EV charging. Also, a real 12.47 kV network was studied in [142] to investigate unbalance voltage effects under many EVs penetration rates ranging from 10 % to 80 % along with single and double AC level 1 and AC level 2 charger types. The authors in [119], [133] found that fast charging shall not be used at LV side, as it impacts voltage balance factor badly, and this can be alleviated by dedicating a separate circuit for the fast charger.…”

Análise normativa perante ao impacto de veículos elétricos em redes de distribuição secundária

“…Frente ao inevitável crescimento da frota de veículos elétricos, alguns pontos precisam ser melhor explorados, pois nem toda tecnologia inovadora surge sem causar algum tipo de impacto negativo. No caso dos veículos elétricos, o impacto negativo mais imediato tende a ser o aumento de demanda que podem implicar no sistema elétrico de potência, promovido pelo aumento de consumo de energia elétrica em residências, estabelecimentos públicos, postos de recarga espalhados em lugares estratégicos, etc (Richardson et al, 2010;Bunga et al, 2014;e W. G. Morsi, 2017;Neagoe-Ştefana et al, 2014). Sendo ideal, de um ponto de vista inicial, que esses veículos sejam recarregados durante baixa demanda residencial, durante a noite (Clement-Nyns et al, 2010).…”

Control of power converter used for electric vehicle DC charging station with the capability of balancing distribution currents and reactive power compensation

“…The main advantage of using renewable energy is to mitigate the power demand increasing of EVs chargers from the main grid. The expected widespread of EV single-phase chargers' adaption will add a significant unbalanced load among the main grid phases mainly at distribution networks [7]. The unbalanced operation of the distribution network will result in overloading the distribution transformer, which also leads to a serious increase in losses and voltage unbalance [8], [9].…”