Impact of Platinum Group Metals on the Environment: A Toxicological, Genotoxic and Analytical Chemistry Study

Gagnon, Zofia; Newkirk, Catherine E.; Hicks, Steven D.

doi:10.1080/10934520500423592

Cited by 87 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A possible explanation for this finding is that ongoing exposure to low-level platinum in neural tissue, as well as any residual systemic effects, may limit resolution of the acute and dose-dependent sensory neuropathy, hypothetically also contributing to ongoing damage. 54 The biokinetic behavior of platinum closely resembles that of other toxic metals (eg, mercury and chromium 55,56 ) in which serum and urine concentrations also correlate with toxic outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Long-Term Serum Platinum Concentrations on Neuro- and Ototoxicity in Cisplatin-Treated Survivors of Testicular Cancer

Sprauten

Darrah

Peterson

et al. 2012

JCO

158

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A B S T R A C T PurposeCisplatin-induced neurotoxicity and ototoxicity (NTX) are important adverse effects after chemotherapy for testicular cancer (TC). Although serum platinum is measurable years after therapy, its impact on NTX has not been evaluated. Patients and MethodsIn all, 169 cisplatin-treated survivors of TC provided blood samples at Survey I and reported NTX during Survey I (1998Survey I ( -2002 and Survey II (2007. Serum platinum was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated with the Scale for Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity (SCIN), regarding the extent of symptom bother as 0, "not at all"; 1, "a little"; 2, "quite a bit"; or 3, "very much." Summing the six symptom scores yielded a total SCIN score of 0 to 18. Categorizing total SCIN scores into quartiles yielded similar-sized groups with increasing symptoms. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between NTX and long-term serum platinum levels, adjusting for cisplatin dose, dosing schedule, and age. ResultsAt Survey I, a significant four-to five-fold association with total SCIN score emerged for the highest serum platinum quartile (odds ratio [OR], 4.69; 95% CI, 1.82 to 12.08). Paresthesias and Raynaud's syndrome (hands and feet) showed significant two-to four-fold increased risks with the highest platinum quartile. At Survey II, total SCIN score remained significantly associated with the highest platinum quartile (OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 1.36 to 13.48). Paresthesias (hands and feet) and tinnitus showed significant three-to four-fold increased risks for the highest platinum quartile. Cumulative cisplatin dose was not associated with total SCIN score or individual SCIN symptoms in multivariate analyses. ConclusionHere we document a significant relationship between increasing levels of residual serum platinum and NTX severity after adjusting for initial cisplatin dose.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Long-Term Serum Platinum Concentrations on Neuro- and Ototoxicity in Cisplatin-Treated Survivors of Testicular Cancer

Sprauten

Darrah

Peterson

et al. 2012

JCO

158

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“…2 and 3), increasing PGE concentrations have been noted in ice cores (1,4) and snow (5)(6)(7) in remote regions. In general, all PGEs are immobile (8) except Os, which can form volatile OsO 4 during high-temperature industrial processes such as smelting of concentrated ores (9). Anthropogenic Os has been observed in estuaries (10,11), coastal sediments (12,13), and lakes (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic osmium in rain and snow reveals global-scale atmospheric contamination

Chen

Sedwick

Sharma

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Osmium is one of the rarer elements in seawater, with typical concentration of Ϸ10 ؋ 10 ؊15 g g ؊1 (5.3 ؋ 10 ؊14 mol kg ؊1 ). The osmium isotope composition ( 187 Os/ 188 Os ratio) of deep oceans is 1.05, reflecting a balance between inputs from continental crust (Ϸ1.3) and mantle/cosmic dust (Ϸ0.13). Here, we show that the 187 Os/ 188 Os ratios measured in rain and snow collected around the world range from 0.16 to 0.48, much lower than expected (>1), but similar to the isotope composition of ores (Ϸ0.2) that are processed to extract platinum and other metals to be used primarily in automobile catalytic converters. Present-day surface seawater has a lower 187 Os/ 188 Os ratio (Ϸ0.95) than deep waters, suggesting that human activities have altered the isotope composition of the world's oceans and impacted the global geochemical cycle of osmium. The contamination of the surface ocean is particularly remarkable given that osmium has few industrial uses. The pollution may increase with growing demand for platinum-based catalysts.pollution ͉ seawater ͉ isotopes ͉ platinum group metals ͉ precipitation

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“…A recent study (Gagnon et al 2006),has shown that particles containing Pt, Pd, and Rh are being released in the road side, leading to an increased deposition of these metals in the environment, and to toxicity, affecting unfavorably the living organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Impact of the Platinum Group Elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) Emitted by the Automobile Catalyst Converters

Kalavrouziotis

Koukoulakis

2008

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The present paper deals with an extensive review of literature concerning the platinum group elements (PGEs), and their impact on the environment. The increased number of cars and vehicles fitted with catalytic converters, has been linked with the wide spread in the environment of the PGEs, i.e. Pt, Pd and Rh. Numerous studies present compelling evidence that the catalytic converters, do not only minimize the pollution caused by the car exhaust fumes, but also they release in the environment particulate matter containing the above noble elements, which accumulate in the soil, and plants, or remain suspended in the air, being transported to large distances. Indeed, the concentration of these noble elements in the soil and plants has increased significantly during the last 10-15 years, especially along the road side of high ways. Assessment of the PGEs health risk was originally based on measuring the body fluid in Pt, Pd and Rh content of occupationally involved people, as well as of the general population. Recent results based on cellular studies show that the PGEs are related to respiratory sensitization, allergic reactions, dermatitis, urticaria, damage of the epithelial lung cells, asthma, rhinoconjuctivitis, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release and possibly to cancer. In spite of the progress attained, more work is necessary for an accurate health risk assessment.

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Impact of Platinum Group Metals on the Environment: A Toxicological, Genotoxic and Analytical Chemistry Study

Cited by 87 publications

References 21 publications

Impact of Long-Term Serum Platinum Concentrations on Neuro- and Ototoxicity in Cisplatin-Treated Survivors of Testicular Cancer

Impact of Long-Term Serum Platinum Concentrations on Neuro- and Ototoxicity in Cisplatin-Treated Survivors of Testicular Cancer

Anthropogenic osmium in rain and snow reveals global-scale atmospheric contamination

The Environmental Impact of the Platinum Group Elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) Emitted by the Automobile Catalyst Converters

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