Impact of Phosphate Industry on Natural Radioactivity in Sediment, Seawater, and Coastal Marine Fauna of El Jadida Province, Morocco

Belahbib, Laila; Arhouni, Fatima Ezzahra; Boukhair, Aziz; Essadaoui, Aafaf; Ouakkas, Saad; Hakkar, Mohammed; Abdo, Maged A. S.; Benjellοun, Mohammed; Bitar, Abdelali; Nourreddine, A.

doi:10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000563

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Due to tighter regulations on the phosphate industry, direct discharges in most production countries have ceased 35 . However, such discharges continue in some countries, notably Morocco 95 , with a contemporary estimated global annual discharge of phosphogypsum of 31 million tonnes 35 , equivalent to 31 TBq per year of 226 Ra, when using a global average of 1 Bq/g for 226 Ra in phosphogypsum 35 . Based on this annual discharge, derived values for total alpha and total beta annual discharges (using the approach adopted by the OSPAR Commission for deriving such values for discharges of produced water (See footnote to Supplementary Table 7)) are two orders of magnitude higher and fivefold higher than the respective discharges of total alpha and total beta from the two nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities at Sellafield and la Hague in 2020 (Supplementary Table 9).…”

Section: Climate Change Impacts Existing Sources From Past Human Acti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of climate change on sources of radionuclides to the marine environment

Gwynn,

Hatje,

Casacuberta

et al. 2024

Commun Earth Environ

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Climate change interacts with the sources and cycling of contaminants, such as radionuclides, in the environment. In this review, we discuss the implications of climate change impacts on existing and potential future sources of radionuclides associated with human activities to the marine environment. The overall effect on operational releases of radionuclides from the nuclear and non-nuclear sectors will likely be increased interference or prevention of normal operations due to weather-related events. For certain radioactive waste dumped at sea and sunken nuclear submarines, the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on the release of radionuclides and their subsequent fate in the marine environment should be considered further. Fluxes from secondary sources of radionuclides in the marine and terrestrial environment and cryosphere will change in response to climate change impacts such as sea level rise, warming and changes in precipitation patterns. In addition, climate change impacts may increase the risk of releases of radionuclides from operational and legacy wastes on land to the marine environment. Overall, our synthesis highlights that there is a need to understand and assess climate change impacts on sources of radionuclides to the marine environment to meet environmental and management challenges under future climate scenarios.

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Section: Climate Change Impacts Existing Sources From Past Human Acti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of climate change on sources of radionuclides to the marine environment

Gwynn,

Hatje,

Casacuberta

et al. 2024

Commun Earth Environ

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“…30,31 Notice that at deep waters or weak winds, the influence of the bathymetry on the model is minimal and it can be neglected. Unlike the conventional shallow water equations for which effects of the bathymetry appear as source terms involving its gradient, the barotropic ocean model (1) assumes that the bathymetric variation is very small and therefore cancels out in the governing equations but it still appears within the wind stresses, see for example Reference 32.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CPU time needed by the adaptive enriched technique is 63% less than that required by the fixed enriched approach for the parameters evaluated. Moreover, in comparison to the fixed enriched method requirements using a fine mesh with 1 128 and N k,Q = 70, the local enrichments reduced the computational cost by 71%. Finally, although the computational cost of the conventional semi-Lagrangian method is significantly lower compared to the suggested method, the latter presents much higher performance in terms of precision and consistency, see Table 2.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main industrial objective is to transform the phosphate rock into phosphate‐based fertilizers, phosphoric acid or other phosphate derivatives. Through this production process, a considerable amount of a by‐product called phosphoGypsum (PG) is generated, see Reference 1. According to Reference 2, for every ton of produced phosphoric acid, five tons of the PG are generated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A fast and accurate method for transport and dispersion of phosphogypsum in coastal zones: Application to Jorf Lasfar

Ouardghi,

Seaid,

El‐Amrani

et al. 2023

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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SummaryWe present a numerical method for modelling and simulation of transport and dispersion of phosphogypsum in the Jorf Lasfar coastal zone located on the Atlantic Ocean at Morocco. The governing equations consist of the well‐established barotropic ocean model including the barometric pressure, friction terms, Coriolis and wind stresses. To model transport and dispersion of phosphogypsum we consider an advection‐diffusion equation with an anisotropic dispersion tensor and source terms. As a numerical solver, we propose a novel multilevel adaptive semi‐Lagrangian finite element method. The proposed method combines the modified method of characteristics to deal with convection terms, the finite element discretization to handle complex geometries, a projection‐based algorithm to solve the Stokes problem, and an adaptive ‐projection using quadrature rules to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the method. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the high resolution of the proposed method and to confirm its capability to provide accurate and efficient simulations for transport and dispersion of phosphogypsum in the Jorf Lasfar coastal zone.

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“…For authorities worldwide, phosphogypsum management, such as disposal and valorization, is an enormous challenge in phosphoric acid production [4,10,11]. In particular, the majority of Moroccan phosphogypsum is directly discharged into the sea without preliminary treatment as reported in [12][13][14]. Therefore, the treatment and application of PG have become an urgent problem to be solved [4,15,16] Due to PG high content of calcium and sulfur and their availability in large quantities, Blum et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous and simultaneous conversion of Moroccan phosphogypsum waste to Na2SO4, and K2SO4 using the quaternary system Na+, K+ // Cl-, SO42- - H2O at 25°C

Laaboubi

Bouargane

Pérez-Moreno

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In this present work, the transformation of the Moroccan phosphogypsum (PG) waste, considered as a potential source of sulfate, into potassium sulfate compound could help to reduce environmental impact and to create a new value chain for the phosphate industry. Generally, solidliquid equilibria are frequently applied in chemical industries. They are a valuable aid for visualizing the precipitation, separation, purification of a solid phase and pathways through which crystallization can proceed. The aim of this process is to produce potassium sulfate, a high-value fertilizer, from sulfate solutions obtained after dissolving Moroccan phosphogypsum in NaOH medium. The quaternary phase diagram Na + , K + // Cl - , SO 4 2- - H 2 O at 25°C was especially used to determine the operating conditions and the design of a crystallization process during the phosphogypsum conversion into potassium sulfate. The Jänecke representation of this system enables the determination of the optimal trajectory in the phase diagram for the double decomposition reaction. X-ray Fluorescent (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were conducted to identify the crystalline phases formed. The results of this study could be contributing to the development of a sustainable valorization of Moroccan phosphogypsum. Furthermore, the potassium sulfate represents a good alternative to potassium chloride for chloride-sensitive crops.

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Impact of Phosphate Industry on Natural Radioactivity in Sediment, Seawater, and Coastal Marine Fauna of El Jadida Province, Morocco

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

The effect of climate change on sources of radionuclides to the marine environment

The effect of climate change on sources of radionuclides to the marine environment

A fast and accurate method for transport and dispersion of phosphogypsum in coastal zones: Application to Jorf Lasfar

Continuous and simultaneous conversion of Moroccan phosphogypsum waste to Na2SO4, and K2SO4 using the quaternary system Na+, K+ // Cl-, SO42- - H2O at 25°C

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