Impact of Pesticide Toxicity in Aquatic Environment

Abstract

The intensified agricultural crop production for growing high yield varieties requires the indiscriminate use of pesticides and fertilizers, which protect the crop from pests, thus helps in improving the quality and quantity of crops. The aquatic environment gets contaminated by the application of pesticides through several routes: runoff, spray drift, and leaching, which pose serious health risks to the aquatic ecosystem as well as to human beings. This exposure can directly affect all levels of biological organization, including primary producers, microorganisms, invertebrates, or fish. Thus, monitoring methods should be adopted for controlling the runoff events in the spraying method, such as suspended matter sampler for particle-associated pesticides that can be used for controlling the number of toxic substances in water bodies.

Widespread use of toxic agrochemicals and pesticides for agricultural products storage in Africa and developing countries: Possible panacea for ecotoxicology and health implications

“…The fate of these pesticides in the aquatic environment is diverse. Like soil invertebrates, these chemicals could distort aquatic life's reproduction, behavior, and diversity [ 67 ]. Several reports show that some pesticides induce neurological and endocrine disruption in these organisms [ 68 , 69 ].…”

Potential food safety hazards in fermented and salted fish in Egypt (Feseekh, Renga, Moloha) as case studies and controlling their manufacture using HACCP system

“…The aquatic ecosystem is liable to be contaminated through surface runoff, leakage, and industrial discharge. Among different classes of pesticides, organochlorines such as DDT are potentially harmful owing to their stability and inhibitory effect on neurotransmitters (Gulia, Rohilla, Singh Sankhla, Kumar, & Sonone, 2020). Topal and Onac (2020) detected pesticides in gray mullet in different Turkish areas at levels suggested to cause health concerns, with levels of endosulfan sulfate, endrin, and p-p'-DDE at 0.0214, 0.2957, and 0.1650 μg g À1 , respectively, especially for p-p'-DDE higher than the limit at 0.05 μg g À1 .…”

Assessment of phytosanitary practices on the environment: case study potato of Loukkos (northwest Morocco)

“…However, the misuse of these products could hurt both human health (Berni et al, 2021b) and the environment (Berni et al, 2021a) including the contamination of surface and groundwater, soil, and the living environments of non-target organisms (Rissouli et al, 2017;Farahy et al, 2021), through the ow processes, leaching, and spraying. On the other hand, exposure to pesticides also affects biodiversity (Shefali et al, 2020;Pelosi et al, 2021;Wen et al, 2021). They could alter the functioning of the endocrine system (Girard et al 2020) and the use of pesticides in mixtures can act additively, synergistically, and/or antagonistically in the environment (cocktail effect) (López et al, 2021).…”