Impact of pesticide application in high frequency on stomatal number at local shallot in Palu Valley

Abstract

Small farmers typically produce shallot with a high frequency of pesticide application and its habit poses several ecological and environmental consequences. In this research, we evaluated the effect of pesticide application in different frequency (high, moderate and low) on shallot stomatal number and opening in Palu Valley, Central Sulawesi. By comparing in the low application, the moderate frequency with less than ten applications increased stomatal number about 1.9% and high rate with more than ten applications per two months of shallot plantation period augmented about 18.7%. While the length of stomatal opening increased about 18.2% with moderate and decreased about 32.6% with the high rate of application. Then, the width of the stomatal opening decreased about 0.6% and 17.5%, respectively. This data indicated that the application of pesticide, especially in high - frequency increase stomatal number and decrease stomatal opening area with potential for inhibiting shallot growth.

The Potential and Characteristics of Genetic Resources of 7 National Superior of Shallots Varieties in Indonesia

“…This condition was supported by the farmer's willingness to apply the IPM concept jointly. Furthermore, some of them already understand the dangers of applying chemical insecticides to the environment [17] and cause pest resistance if used continuously and affect the number of stomata [26] .In addition, several farmers with field officers observing plant pest organisms and also learned to recognize natural enemies so that natural enemies would develop and not be destroyed due to excessive spraying of insecticides [23]. The application of the control threshold for Spodoptera exigua on shallots using sex pheromonoid as presented by [20] can also be utilized.…”

“…Meanwhile, diseases such as Fusarium, Alternaria sp., and Anthracnose are higher in the rainy season than in the dry season since these disease agents need a humid condition to grow well. So that, crop failure often occurs in the rainy season [13] [25] [26].…”

Keragaman Serangga Hama pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di Desa Kebon Ayu Lombok Barat

“…Untung (2006) menyebutkan bahwa konsekuensi negatif dari penggunaan pestisida kimia antara lain kasus resistensi, resurjensi hama, penurunan musuh alami, dan introduksi hama baru. Selain itu, penggunaan pestisida kimiawi, terutama dengan frekuensi tinggi, dapat memperkecil luas bukaan stomata dan menambah jumlah stomata yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bawang merah (Sjam et al, 2020).…”