Impact of Perceived Parenting Styles on Depression and Smartphone Addition in College Students

Abstract

Purpose:The purposes of this study were to examine differences in depression and smartphone addiction among four styles of perceived parenting, and determine whether the perceptions of paternal and maternal parenting are associated with depression and smartphone addiction among college students. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 378 undergraduate students responded to the survey. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS statistics version 21. Results: Levels of depression and smartphone addiction were significantly different according to the four styles of perceived parenting (optimal parenting, affectionate constraint parenting, affectionless control parenting, and neglectful parenting). Scores of depression and smartphone addiction in the group with perceived affectionless control parenting were higher than those in the other groups. In a regression model, maternal care and paternal overprotection were significantly associated with depression. Also, maternal overprotection was the only significant predictor of smartphone addiction. Conclusion: These results suggest that students who perceive that both fathers and mothers are low in care, warmth, and support; but high in overprotection, control and intrusiveness are vulnerable to depression and smartphone addiction. Targeted interventions to change and reframe students' perception of paternal and maternal parenting in a positive way may reduce their depression and smartphone addiction.

Antecedents and consequences of social media fatigue

“…The finding is consistent with prior extended parenting literature, e.g., scholars have linked parental worry (or parental warmth) with poor well-being (Parker, 1983) and development of compulsive behaviors (Zlomke & Young, 2009). Similarly, prior literature on the Internet and social media use have also shown that parental worry was positively correlated with compulsive ICT use and negative well-being (Dogan, Bozgeyikli, & Bozdas, 2015;Yoo & Kim, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015). The possible reason could be that, on experiencing parental worry, young people tend to cope with this parental pressure by seeking stimulation through social media use which results in social media fatigue.…”

“…These findings are inconsistent with prior extended literature on parental mediation strategies, e.g., parental monitoring is useful in shielding young people from engaging in compulsive ICT use (e.g., Eijnden et al, 2010) and online risky behavior (Patterson & Stouthamer-Loeber, 1984); and parental permission was positively associated with CIU (Zhang et al, 2015). Although there were also relatively recent studies showing that parental monitoring is positively correlated with compulsive ICT use (Eijnden et al, 2010;Yoo & Kim, 2015), our research found that, in terms of SNS or MIM fatigue, parental monitoring and permission play little role and would not be considered as effective strategies to reduce adolescents' fatigue.…”

“…It seems associated with the development of psychopathology, e.g., compulsivity or addiction (Zlomke & Young, 2009) as well as poor psychosocial wellbeing (Parker, 1983). Similarly, parental worry is positively correlated with compulsive Internet and smartphone use (Dogan, Bozgeyikli, & Bozdas, 2015;Yoo & Kim, 2015) and linked to higher depression among Internet users (Yoo & Kim, 2015). On constantly experiencing parental worry, young people tend to escape or cope with its pressure by seeking stimulation and socialization through the use of new media (Zhang et al, 2015).…”

“…Several scholars have found that adequate parental tracking was effective in preventing young people from engaging in CIU (Eijnden et al, 2010;Leung & Lee, 2012;Lin, Lin, & Wu, 2009). However, some recent studies suggest that parental monitoring (or higher parental control) positively correlates with CIU (Eijnden et al, 2010) and compulsive smartphone use (Yoo & Kim, 2015). Scholars argue that, as adolescents grow up and become older, they demand independence, freedom, and self-determination (Kandell, 1998).…”

The effects of inconsistent parenting attitude on smart phone addiction of adolescents

“…났다 (Choi & Kim, 2013;Yoo & Kim, 2015). (Kim, 2013;Choi, 2013 (Na, 2013;Lee, 2014;Kwon, 2013;Jung & Kim, 2014).…”