Impact of Parenting Styles on Psychological Flexibility Among Adolescents of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Bibi, Akhtar; Hayat, Raheela; Hayat, Nadia; Zulfiqar, Sadia; Shafique, Nadia; Khalid, Muhammad Adnan

doi:10.1007/s10560-021-00754-z

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This is an important finding which suggests that the effects of parenting practices on suicidal behavior among youth may vary across racial and ethnic settings. On the same token, readers may note earlier research findings suggesting that authoritarian parenting practices foster positive psychological adjustment among poor Afro-American children [22], this is in direct contrast to findings among children in general, including Asian settings [23,24]. The message here seems to be that, authoritarian parenting may be perceived differently by children of different ethnicities and this may, in turn, yield differential effects on psychological adjustment and suicidal risk among children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Parenting Style and Suicidal Behavior: A Focused Review

Arafat¹,

Menon

Dinesh

et al. 2022

Mental Illness

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Objectives. Parenting is the general child-rearing practice that has both long- and short-term impacts on the physical, emotional, mental, and social development of the children. We aims at seeing the relationship between parenting style and suicidal behaviors. Methods. A search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO to identify the articles assessing the relationship between different types of parenting styles and suicidal behavior. We included 32 articles in the review published from inception to search date. Results. Among the 32 studies, 27 studies used a cross-sectional study design, 17 were published between 2011 and 2020, and most of the studies included respondents with ages between 9 and 21 years. A wide variety of the used instruments to assess suicidal behavior, and parenting style was noted. Eight studies revealed that authoritarian parenting style is one of the predictors of suicidal behavior, while one study reported the authoritarian parenting style as a resilient factor. Both dominating and flexible parenting styles were associated with higher suicidal behavior, and two studies reported that the permissive style is a contributing factor to suicidal ideation among participants. Conclusion. This review identified the supportive notion that authoritarian parenting style has an association with suicidal behavior in adolescence, and later life. However, a prudential judgment is warranted due to the heterogeneity of study methods, population, contexts, and measurement tools.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Parenting Style and Suicidal Behavior: A Focused Review

Arafat¹,

Menon

Dinesh

et al. 2022

Mental Illness

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“…The self‐construal theory states that culture might condition people such that people in collectivist cultures exhibit tight social bonds and prefer to maintain strong and harmonious relationships with significant others (Markus & Kitayama, 1991, 1998). In Pakistan, parents occupy a significant position (Zahra & Saleem, 2021), and children must show conformity, obedience, loyalty, and respect to them and accept their decisions unquestionably (Bibi et al, 2022; Stewart et al, 1999; Yasinzai et al, 2021; Zaman, 2014). Since culture changes response considerations (King & McInerney, 2014), we believe in the argument presented by Haas and Akamatsu (2019) that the children in a collectivist society of Pakistan might have improved observing ability, which forces them to constantly observe their behavior to realign as per the wishes of the significant people: parents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor structure of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (15 items) in a collectivist society—Pakistan

Iqbal

Humayun

2023

Psychology in the Schools

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Despite several theoretical, structural, and statistical issues reported against Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), most studies in the educational sector of Pakistan use it without analyzing its factor structure. Since culture might change the structure, this first systematic study filled the gap and explored the factor structure of the least researched FFMQ (15 items) among nonmeditator university students in collectivist society Pakistan while employing optimal statistical techniques. We interpreted our results culturally and also conducted a cross‐cultural examination with the Spanish sample. We employed polychoric data to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA extracted a four‐factor (10 items) solution without the Describe facet and showed good inter‐item correlation. The CFA exhibited a theory‐based two‐factor hierarchical model (self‐regulation, orient to experience) with good fit indices, acceptable factor loadings, correct directions, and strong reliabilities (coefficient H > 0.8). The multivariate analysis showed no difference in mindfulness between males and females, except for Nonreact. The first multigroup CFA (MGCFA) showed metric invariance while examining the polarity of items across gender. In cross‐cultural multivariate analysis, we found no difference in mindfulness between Pakistan and Spanish samples, except for Nonjudge, but the second MGCFA showed metric invariance in the correlated model only. Our data suggest that the two‐factor hierarchical structure, without Describe facet, provides a more parsimonious and culturally accepted structure among nonmeditators in Pakistan. However, due to the independent nature of the two factors, the total score cannot be computed. The FFMQ (15 items) appears individualistic, and including culturally acceptable items will improve its universality.

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“…Fathers' presence promote social responsibility in adolescents, and parenting styles play a moderating role (Liu, 2017;Krohn et al, 2019;Xia et al, 2020;Hehman and Salmon, 2021). Meanwhile, parenting styles play a regulatory role in many fields, such as early puberty and drinking behavior (Ling et al, 2022), perceived father-child facial resemblance and academic performance (Tu et al, 2021), and teenagers' psychological flexibility (Bibi et al, 2022). Therefore, we proposed the following research hypothesis: Hypothesis 3: Parenting styles play a moderating role in the first half of the fathers' presence on social responsibility and the quality of interpersonal relationships.…”

Section: Moderator Role Of Parenting Style In the Relationship Betwee...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fathers’ presence promote social responsibility in adolescents, and parenting styles play a moderating role ( Liu, 2017 ; Krohn et al, 2019 ; Xia et al, 2020 ; Hehman and Salmon, 2021 ). Meanwhile, parenting styles play a regulatory role in many fields, such as early puberty and drinking behavior ( Ling et al, 2022 ), perceived father-child facial resemblance and academic performance ( Tu et al, 2021 ), and teenagers’ psychological flexibility ( Bibi et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Literature Review and Development Of Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fathers’ presence and adolescents’ interpersonal relationship quality: Moderated mediation model

Sun

Fan

2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionMost previous studies focused on the effects of fathers’ presence on adolescent development, but rarely examined the mechanisms underlying the presence of fathers on adolescent development. Moreover, previous studies ignored the impact of fathers’ way of being present on adolescent interpersonal relationships. Based on social identity theory, the present study introduced adolescents’ social responsibility as a mediating variable to explore the influence of father’s presence style on adolescents’ interpersonal. This study examined the mechanism of fathers’ way of being present on father’s presence, adolescents’ social responsibility, and their quality of interpersonal relationships; if fathers adopt a democratic approach to be present, the study examines whether teenagers are more likely to enhance their sense of social responsibility and achieve harmonious interpersonal relationships.MethodsParticipants were 1,942 senior high school and college students who responded to the Fatherhood Questionnaire, Social Responsibility Questionnaire, and Interpersonal Relationship Quality Diagnosis Scale. This study used PROCESS macro of SPSS 24.0 and Amos 26.0 to examine the hypotheses.ResultsEmpirical results demonstrated that (a) fathers’ presence is directly and positively related to adolescents’ social responsibility, (b) fathers’ presence is indirectly and positively related to the quality of adolescents’ interpersonal relationships through social responsibility, and (c) parenting styles played a moderating role in the first half of the fathers’ presence on social responsibility and the quality of interpersonal relationships. Results demonstrated that more harmonious interpersonal relationships were present among teenagers when fathers adopted a democratic upbringing, and this interaction effect on interpersonal relationships was mediated by teenagers’ sense of social responsibility.DiscussionThe findings of this study enrich the literature by exploring the significance of emphasizing fathers’ democratic presence on teenagers’ sense of social responsibility and interpersonal relationships. The practical implications of this study are that society should encourage more fathers to be present and guide them to adopt a democratic parenting style that will benefit adolescents’ development and family well-being.

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Impact of Parenting Styles on Psychological Flexibility Among Adolescents of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

Parenting Style and Suicidal Behavior: A Focused Review

Parenting Style and Suicidal Behavior: A Focused Review

Factor structure of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (15 items) in a collectivist society—Pakistan

Fathers’ presence and adolescents’ interpersonal relationship quality: Moderated mediation model

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