Impact of Ozone, Sex, and Gonadal Hormones on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Characteristics and Survival in SP-A KO Mice Infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae

Gandhi, Chintan K.; Mikerov, Anatoly N.; Durrani, Faryal; Umstead, Todd M.; Hu, Sanmei; Wang, Guirong; Phelps, David S.; Floros, Joanna

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8091354

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…During pulmonary development, SP-A expression is regulated by a complex array of factors including hormones [ 39 ]. Further, alveolar macrophage response to infection is regulated in a sex-specific manner by Sp-A during ozone exposure [ 40 – 42 ]. Our findings in the oral cavity microbiome demonstrate that oral SP-A contributes to the relative proportions of bacteria in the community, whether this is through opsonization and macrophage activation is unknown but worthy of further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant Protein A and Microbiome Composition in Patients With Atraumatic Intraoral Lesions

Adibi

Seferovic

Tribble

et al. 2021

Front. Oral. Health

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Oral ulcers are lesions that occur due to disruption of epithelial integrity of the mucosa of the oral cavity. Intraoral ulcers are often associated with pain, redness, symptoms of discomfort, and blood hemorrhage. The etiology for many oral ulcers is local trauma, systemic health conditions, or medication; for other ulcers the cause is less clear. This pilot study aims to evaluate the salivary components and microbiome in patients with atraumatic pre-ulcerous and ulcerous oral lesions compared to control individuals, while considering three common risk factors for atraumatic ulcers, smoking, stress, and gender. This study uses matched age, sex, and ethnicity samples from healthy otherwise and oral lesion patients to investigate the changes in salivary surfactant protein A (SP-A) and examines the prevalence and diversity of the salivary oral microflora. The goal is to determine if there are factors in saliva that have the potential to be used as biomarkers for risk of developing atraumatic oral ulcers. Our data show that the average level of SP-A is significantly reduced in female smokers compared to non-smoker healthy females. The average level of SP-A in female oral lesion patients is reduced compared to controls. The microbiome composition is significantly affected by smoking and the level of SP-A. Comparing the control participants and oral lesion patients, there are 16 species of bacteria that are significantly different, and all of these bacteria are significantly affected by smoking and SP-A. LEfSe analysis identified five bacteria that may represent potential biomarkers. This preliminary study demonstrates the potential of the oral microbiome to act as a biomarker for oral ulcer risk and infers potential mechanistic links between risk factors and alterations in innate immune mechanisms such as SP-A levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant Protein A and Microbiome Composition in Patients With Atraumatic Intraoral Lesions

Adibi

Seferovic

Tribble

et al. 2021

Front. Oral. Health

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“…In the infected KO mice, no sex differences were observed and after prior ozone exposure only limited sex differences at the later time points were observed in BAL parameters compared to WT under identical conditions. Furthermore, survival experiments with gonadectomized infected SP-A KO mice with or without prior ozone exposure showed no sex-specificity (38). This indicates that in the absence of SP-A and sex hormones, different mechanisms may be operative than those in WT mice that bring about sex-specific survival (18,37).…”

Section: Sex Differences At Baseline Conditions and In Response To Infection And/or Other Stimulimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Moreover, sex-hormone treatment of gonadectomized mice resulted in a survival pattern similar to that of the nongonadectomized WT (37). Gandhi et al (38) explored in SP-A KO mice, the impact of ozone, sex, and gonadal hormones on BAL characteristics in infection with K. pneumoniae. In the infected KO mice, no sex differences were observed and after prior ozone exposure only limited sex differences at the later time points were observed in BAL parameters compared to WT under identical conditions.…”

Section: Sex Differences At Baseline Conditions and In Response To Infection And/or Other Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of interest, a major complication in prematurely born infants is infection. SP-A in animal studies is shown to be protective after infection as assessed by survival studies (18,37,38,44,92). Moreover, current experience indicates that surfactant treatment of babies with "simple" RDS or with infection is less efficacious (93,94) or conclusions could not be reached for near-term or term infants with true or suspected bacterial infection (95).…”

Section: Summary and Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surfactant Protein-A Function: Knowledge Gained From SP-A Knockout Mice

2022

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Pulmonary surfactant proteins have many roles in surfactant- related functions and innate immunity. One of these proteins is the surfactant protein A (SP-A) that plays a role in both surfactant-related processes and host defense and is the focus in this review. SP-A interacts with the sentinel host defense cell in the alveolus, the alveolar macrophage (AM), to modulate its function and expression profile under various conditions, as well as other alveolar epithelial cells such as the Type II cell. Via these interactions, SP-A has an impact on the alveolar microenvironment. SP-A is also important for surfactant structure and function. Much of what is understood of the function of SP-A and its various roles in lung health has been learned from SP-A knockout (KO) mouse experiments, as reviewed here. A vast majority of this work has been done with infection models that are bacterial, viral, and fungal in nature. Other models have also been used, including those of bleomycin-induced lung injury and ozone-induced oxidative stress either alone or in combination with an infectious agent, bone marrow transplantation, and other. In addition, models investigating the effects of SP-A on surfactant components or surfactant structure have contributed important information. SP-A also appears to play a role in pathways involved in sex differences in response to infection and/or oxidative stress, as well as at baseline conditions. To date, this is the first review to provide a comprehensive report of the functions of SP-A as learned through KO mice.

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“…A problem associated with O 3 gas is its toxicity [21,22]. One way to minimize this effect is its use dissolved in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity

Santos

Silva

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Biology

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O3 dissolved in water (or ozonized water) has been considered a potent antimicrobial agent, and this study aimed to test this through microbiological and in vitro assays. The stability of O3 was accessed following modifications of the physicochemical parameters of water, such as the temperature and pH, with or without buffering. Three concentrations of O3 (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 ppm) dissolved in water were tested against different microorganisms, and an analysis of the cytotoxic effects was also conducted using the human ear fibroblast cell line (Hfib). Under the physicochemical conditions of 4 °C and pH 5, O3 remained the most stable and concentrated compared to pH 7 and water at 25 °C. Exposure to ozonized water resulted in high mortality rates for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Scanning electron micrograph images indicate that the effects on osmotic stability due to cell wall lysis might be one of the killing mechanisms of ozonized water. The biocidal agent was biocompatible and presented no cytotoxic effect against Hfib cells. Therefore, due to its cytocompatibility and biocidal action, ozonized water can be considered a viable alternative for microbial control, being possible, for example, its use in disinfection processes.

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Impact of Ozone, Sex, and Gonadal Hormones on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Characteristics and Survival in SP-A KO Mice Infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae

Cited by 5 publications

References 64 publications

Surfactant Protein A and Microbiome Composition in Patients With Atraumatic Intraoral Lesions

Surfactant Protein A and Microbiome Composition in Patients With Atraumatic Intraoral Lesions

Surfactant Protein-A Function: Knowledge Gained From SP-A Knockout Mice

Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity

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